Required Navigation Performance (RNP), Area Navigation (RNAV) Implementation

1
Required Navigation Performance (RNP), Area
Navigation (RNAV) Implementation

• Mr. Hooper Harris
• FAA/JAA Annual Meeting
• Phoenix, AZ
• June 3 - 7, 2002

2
Overview

• Definitions and Advantages
• RNAV, RNP, and RNP RNAV
• Differentiation
• Benefits
• Implementation - mitigating risk
• Conclusion

3
RNAV

• RNAV is a method of navigation that permits
  aircraft operation on any desired flight path
  e.g., user preferred routes.
• The application of RNAV techniques has been shown
  to provide a number of advantages over
  conventional (source-referenced) forms of
  navigation.

4
RNAV Advantages

• 1. User preferred routes tracks that consider
  pressure altitude and wind and are not associated
  with or constrained by an underlying navigation
  aid.
• 2. Establishment of
• a. more direct routes, resulting in shorter
  flight distances
• b. dual or parallel routes to accommodate a
  greater flow of en route traffic
• c. bypass routes for aircraft over flying
  high-density terminal areas
• d. alternatives or contingency routes, either
  planned or unplanned (e.g., severe weather
  avoidance) and
• e. the best locations for holding patterns.

5
RNP Advantages

• A statement of the navigation performance
  accuracy necessary for operation within a defined
  airspace.
• The term RNP is also applied as a descriptor for
  airspace, routes, and procedures. The descriptor
  is flexible and can apply to a unique approach
  procedure or to a large region of airspace. RNP
  applies to navigation performance accuracy within
  an airspace, and therefore includes the
  capability of both the available infrastructure
  (navigation aids) and the aircraft.

6
RNP RNAV - Per ICAO Doc 9613

• RTCA DO-236/EUROCAE ED-75.
• Merges the accuracy standard in the ICAO Manual,
  with the containment requirements and area
  navigation functional and performance standards.
• The containment region quantifies the navigation
  performance where the probability of an
  un-annunciated deviation greater than 2 x RNP is
  less than 1 x 10-5.
• The containment region (defined as 2 times the
  RNP) could help with safety assessments for
  separation and obstacle clearance.
• RNP RNAV will support the development of new
  obstacle clearance or aircraft-to-aircraft
  separation.
• RNP RNAV will enable reliable, predictable and
  repeatable ground tracks through standardized
  avionics functions.

7
Differentiation
RTCA/EUROCAE RNP RNAV
2xRNP
Containment Zone
ICAO RNP
1xRNP
95 Accuracy
95 Accuracy
95 Accuracy
95 Accuracy
1xRNP
Containment Zone
2xRNP
8
Transition Strategy

• In the short term, emphasis should be on RNAV
  implementation using all available means (GNSS,
  ground-based, and self-contained navaids).
• The mid term should focus on the transition to
  RNP RNAV based on GNSS.
• RNP RNAV is based on the following systems, where
  these systems meet navigation requirements
• GNSS
• GNSS/INS
• DME/DME/INS

9
Industry Requirements
RNP EVERYTHING!
APPROACHES
excuses!!!
TERMINAL PROCEDURES!!
Convertible Specials
LAAS APPROACHES
10
Operational Approvals
Public Use
SPECIALS
?????
11
Public vs. Specials
Specials - RNP lt 0.3 - Alaska Airlines -
Certification Aircrew Training - Equipment
Requirements - RTCA SC-181 WG13 to address RNP
lt0.3

• Public Use
• - RNP 10, 5,
• 2, 1, 0.3
• - RNAV IAPs
• - DPs and STARs

12
Cooperative Goal

• Middle Ground is Similar to ILS Cat II/III
  Approvals
• public use - however
• special aircrew training/equipment required
• Build upon todays RNP Values
• Implement RNP lt0.3 where beneficial
• Working to identify priority airports
• Future RNAV Approach with vertical guidance can
  achieve precision like functionality

13
Key Issues for Implementation

• Standardization of publication/charting.
• Means of notifying users of the available
  navigation infrastructure.
• Means of managing changes in the navigation
  infrastructure.
• DME issues.

14
Key Issues (continued)

• Means of providing operational status information
  to ATC.
• Accommodation of previously approved RNAV systems
  (e.g., RNAV FMS).
• Relationship between RNP level and obstacle
  clearance.
• Relationship between RNP level and airspace.
• Navigation Data Issues.

15
Conclusion

• RNP RNAV can satisfy the navigation element of
  the CNS/ATM equation.
• Predictable and repeatable flight paths allow
  navigation to contribute to meeting the long term
  concept of Free Flight and in shaping air
  navigation as an integral part of the Global
  CNS/ATM Plan.