Chapter 4 Study Questions

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Chapter 4 Study Questions

• What is personality?
• How do personalities differ?
• What are value and attitude differences among
  individuals, and why are they important?
• What are individual differences and how are they
  related to workforce diversity?

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Study Question 1 What is personality?

• Personality.
• Definition

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Study Question 1 What is personality?
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Study Question 1 What is personality?

• Locus of Control
• Self-Efficacy
• Self Esteem
• Self-Monitoring

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Personality Characteristics in Organizations
Locus of Control
Internal
External
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Personality Characteristics in Organizations

• Self-Efficacy
• Definition
• Sources of self-efficacy

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Personality Characteristics in Organizations
Self-Esteem
Definition
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Personality Characteristics in Organizations
Self-Monitoring Definition

• High self monitors

• Low self monitors

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Study Question 2 How do personalities differ?

• Authoritarianism/dogmatism.
• Authoritarianism.
• Definition
• Dogmatism.
• Definition

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Study Question 2 How do personalities differ?

• People with a high-Machiavellian personality
• Approach situations logically and thoughtfully.
• Are capable of lying to achieve personal goals.
• Are rarely swayed by loyalty, friendships, past
  promises, or others opinions.
• Are skilled at influencing others.
• Try to exploit loosely structured situations.
• Perform in a perfunctory or detached manner in
  highly structured situations.

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Study Question 2 How do personalities differ?

• People with a low-Machiavellian personality
• Accept direction imposed by others in loosely
  structured situations.
• Work hard to do well in highly structured
  situations.
• Are strongly guided by ethical considerations.
• Are unlikely to lie or cheat.

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Study Question 2 How do personalities differ?

• Emotional adjustment traits.
• How much an individual experiences distress or
  displays unacceptable acts.
• Type A orientation.
• Characterized by impatience, desire for
  achievement, and perfectionism.
• Type B orientation.
• Characterized as more easygoing and less
  competitive in relation to daily events.

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Study Question 3 What are value and attitude
differences among individuals, and why are they
important?

• Attitudes.

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Study Question 3 What are value and attitude
differences among individuals, and why are they
important?
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Study Question 3 What are value and attitude
differences among individuals, and why are they
important?

• The attitude-behavior relationship is stronger
  when
• Attitudes and behaviors are more specific.
• There is freedom to carry out the behavioral
  intent.
• The person has experience with the attitude.

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Study Question 3 What are value and attitude
differences among individuals, and why are they
important?

• Attitudes.
• Cognitive dissonance.
• Definition
• Cognitive dissonance can be reduced by
• Changing the underlying attitude.
• Changing future behavior.
• Developing new ways of explaining or
  rationalizing the inconsistency.