Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

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Chapter 1

• Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

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Rationalism vs. Empiricism

• Rationalism understanding the world through
  introspection (Plato, cs. 428-348 B.C. René
  Descartes, 1596-1613)

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Rationalism vs. Empiricism

• Rationalism understanding the world through
  introspection (Plato, cs. 428-348 B.C. René
  Descartes, 1596-1613)
• Empiricism understanding the world through
  obervation (Aristotle, 384-322 B.C. John Locke,
  1632-1704)

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Rationalism vs. Empiricism

• Rationalism understanding the world through
  introspection (Plato, cs. 428-348 B.C. René
  Descartes, 1596-1613)
• Empiricism understanding the world through
  obervation (Aristotle, 384-322 B.C. John Locke,
  1632-1704)
• Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) developed a
  dialectical synthesis approach where rationalism
  and empiricism must work together to reveal truth

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Early Dialectics in the Psychology of Cognition

• Structuralism structures of the mind can be
  revealed through introspection (Wilhelm Wundt,
  1932-1920)

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Early Dialectics in the Psychology of Cognition

• Structuralism structures of the mind can be
  revealed through introspection (Wilhelm Wundt,
  1932-1920)
• Functionalism a pragmatic approach that sought
  to determine why people do what they do (William
  James, 1842-1910 John Dewey, 1859-1952)

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Early Dialectics in the Psychology of Cognition

• Structuralism structures of the mind can be
  revealed through introspection (Wilhelm Wundt,
  1932-1920)
• Functionalism a pragmatic approach that sought
  to determine why people do what they do (William
  James, 1842-1910 John Dewey, 1859-1952)
• Associationism examined how events or ideas
  become associated with one another (Hermann
  Ebbinghaus, 1850-1909 Edward Lee Thorndike,
  1874-1949)

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Behaviorism

• An extreme version of associationism that focuses
  entirely on the association between the
  environment and observable behavior (Ivan Pavlov,
  1849-1936 John Watson, 1978-1958 B.F. Skinner,
  1904-1990)

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Gestalt Psychology

• An anti-behavioral movement that focused upon
  organized, structured wholes (Köhler, 1927, 1940
  Wertheimer, 1945, 1959)

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Early Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology

• Karl Spencer Lashley (1890-1958) neuroanatomy

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Early Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology

• Karl Spencer Lashley (1890-1958) neuroanatomy
• Donald Hebb (1949) cell assemblies

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Early Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology

• Karl Spencer Lashley (1890-1958) neuroanatomy
• Donald Hebb (1949) cell assemblies
• Engineering and Computation serial vs. parallel
  processing

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Key Issues in Cognitive Psychology

• Nature vs. Nurture

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Key Issues in Cognitive Psychology

• Nature vs. Nurture
• Rationalism vs. Empiricism

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Key Issues in Cognitive Psychology

• Nature vs. Nurture
• Rationalism vs. Empiricism
• Structures vs. Process

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Key Issues in Cognitive Psychology

• Nature vs. Nurture
• Rationalism vs. Empiricism
• Structures vs. Process
• Domain Generality vs. Domain Specificity

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Key Issues in Cognitive Psychology

• Nature vs. Nurture
• Rationalism vs. Empiricism
• Structures vs. Process
• Domain Generality vs. Domain Specificity
• Validity of Causal Inferences vs. Ecological
  Validity

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Key Issues in Cognitive Psychology

• Nature vs. Nurture
• Rationalism vs. Empiricism
• Structures vs. Process
• Domain Generality vs. Domain Specificity
• Validity of Causal Inferences vs. Ecological
  Validity
• Applied vs. Basic Research

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Key Issues in Cognitive Psychology

• Nature vs. Nurture
• Rationalism vs. Empiricism
• Structures vs. Process
• Domain Generality vs. Domain Specificity
• Validity of Causal Inferences vs. Ecological
  Validity
• Applied vs. Basic Research
• Biological vs. Behavioral Methods

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Key Themes in Cognitive Psychology

• Theories and empirical data go hand in hand.

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Key Themes in Cognitive Psychology

• Theories and empirical data go hand in hand.
• Cognition is adaptive but not all the time.

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Key Themes in Cognitive Psychology

• Theories and empirical data go hand in hand.
• Cognition is adaptive but not all the time.
• Cognitive processes interact with each other and
  with noncognitive processes (e.g., biology)

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Key Themes in Cognitive Psychology

• Theories and empirical data go hand in hand.
• Cognition is adaptive but not all the time.
• Cognitive processes interact with each other and
  with noncognitive processes (e.g., biology)
• Cognition needs to be studied through multiple
  methods.

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Key Themes in Cognitive Psychology

• Theories and empirical data go hand in hand.
• Cognition is adaptive but not all the time.
• Cognitive processes interact with each other and
  with noncognitive processes (e.g., biology)
• Cognition needs to be studied through multiple
  methods.
• Basic and applied research go hand in hand.