Welcome back to IB 150

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Welcome back to IB 150
Photo by Rohit Puranik
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Love and Death - Constants of Biology
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Some Questions

• Evolution of Aging - Why do we/organisms get old?
• Infectious Diseases - Why do we/organisms get
  sick?
• Mate Choice - Why do we/organisms choose mates?

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Lecture 39

• Distinguish the fundamental kinds of questions
  you can ask about a biological system - proximate
  vs. evolutionary explanations
• Understand how the schedule of survival and
  reproduction over an organisms lifespan
  interacts with natural selection.
• Understand how extrinsic mortality influences the
  evolution of maximum lifespan
• Be able to explain why birds and bats live longer
  than terrestrial mammals

• Be able to interpret a plot of lifespan vs. body
  size
• Relate the evolutionary theory of aging to
  genetic diseases
• Know the genetic diseases mentioned progeria,
  macular degeneration, osteosclerosis, myopathy,
  cerebral arteriopathy
• Know what type I, II, and III survivorship curves
  are
• Know how human activities cause evolutionary
  changes by altering survivorship

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How Do We Study Aging???

• What questions do we ask?
• What techniques do we use to answer those
  questions?
• What other questions arise from the answers?

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What kind of questions can we ask?

• Why does aging occur?
• Why do different organisms age at different
  rates?
• What are the mechanisms that cause aging?

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Progeria

• Disease of Abnormal Aging
• Genetic BasisLamin A - nuclear structure
• Children with Progeria typically die of heart
  disease at an average age of 13

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Is Progeria Useful In Understanding Why We Age?

• Why?
• Why Not?

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Why do some organisms live longer than others?

• Addwaita - 250 years old, died earlier this year
  in a zoo in Calcutta.
• Originally brought to India from the Seychelles
  Islands in the 1700s

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Evolution of Lifespan (review)

• Why do different species age at different rates?
• Why does an elephant live longer than a mouse?

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Survivorship Curves
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Body Size vs. Lifespan
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What About Birds?

• Higher Metabolism
• Flight
• Lower Extrinsic Mortality?

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Bats Provide a Test

• Bats are mammals
• Bats can fly
• How long do bats live?

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Late Onset - Autosomal Dominant

• Age Related Macular Degeneration - eye disease.
  Onset 54-77 years of age
• Cerebral Arteriopathy - causes mental
  deterioration. Onset age 20-30, progresses with
  age

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Early Onset - Autosomal Dominant

• Centronuclear myopathy - muscle disease. Onset
  age 5 or later, mild at first and progressively
  worse
• Osteopetrosis - excessive calcification of
  bone. Onset before age 20 - severity varies.

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Fishing

• Prediction of the Evolutionary Theory of Aging
• What is the evolutionary consequence of human
  harvesting of fish populations?

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Fish Survivorship

• What kind of survivorship curve does a large fish
  have?
• High juvenile mortality
• Large adults have very low mortality

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How Does Fishing Affect Survivorship?
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Fishing Affects Albatross Aging
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Lecture 39

• Distinguish the fundamental kinds of questions
  you can ask about a biological system - proximate
  vs. evolutionary explanations
• Understand how the schedule of survival and
  reproduction over an organisms lifespan
  interacts with natural selection.
• Understand how extrinsic mortality influences the
  evolution of maximum lifespan
• Be able to explain why birds and bats live longer
  than terrestrial mammals

• Be able to interpret a plot of lifespan vs. body
  size
• Relate the evolutionary theory of aging to
  genetic diseases
• Know the genetic diseases mentioned progeria,
  macular degeneration, osteosclerosis, myopathy,
  cerebral arteriopathy
• Know what type I, II, and III survivorship curves
  are
• Know how human activities cause evolutionary
  changes by altering survivorship