Angiology

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Angiology

• (Blood vessels)

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Function of Circulatory System

• Maintain a relatively constant environment for
  all cells
• 1. Blood carries nutrients from digestive system
• 2. Blood carries oxygen to the tissues
• 3. Blood carries carbon dioxide from tissues to
  the lungs

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• 4. Blood carries waste products to
  kidneys5. Blood carries hormones6. Blood
  maintains temperature
• 7. Blood maintains water balance8. Blood aids in
  maintaining constant pH9. Blood contains defense
  agents against disease

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Components of Blood

• Erythrocytes (Red blood cells)
• ? specialize in the transportation of oxygen
• ? biconcave discs
• ? contain hemoglobin -gives red color and binds
  02- 60 times as much binding capacity as water
  forms oxyhemoglobin (HbO2)

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million red blood cells /cu mm ? Blood volume
nearly 10 (9.4) of body weight Platelets ? also
called thrombocytes ? made in bone
marrow ? contain microtubules, lysosomes,
mitocondria, and Golgi vesicles
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• job is to reduce loss of blood from injured
  tissue
• ? stick together to form white clot (thrombus)
• Leukocytes
• ? white blood cells (aid in fighting infection)
• ? lifespan varies considerably
• ?

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• can be classified as granulocytes, with further
  subdivisions such as netrophils, eosinophils,
  basophils and agranulocytes, with further
  subdivisions of monocytes and lymphocytes.
• ? thousand for horse and cow both
• Plasma or Serum
• ? straw colored fluid
• ? water, 8 other substances
• ? kidneys responsible for maintaining constant
  proportions of water and other constituents.

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Other Characteristics

• 1. Main vessels of both thoracic and pelvic cross
  joints on flexor surface- better protection and
  preventing overstretching.
• 2. Arterial tree quite intensive and vessels
  interconnected, affording blood supply at all
  times- collateral circulation
• 3. Arterivenous shunts occur in lower regions as
  well.
• 4. Closed system

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• 5. Four chambered pump and circulatory vessels
• 6. Vessels that carry blood away from heart are
  called arteries. Toward heartveins
• 7. Two basic circulations -pulmonary and
  systemic. Operate at different pressures.

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• job is to reduce loss of blood from injured
  tissue
• ? stick together to form white clot (thrombus)
• Leukocytes
• ? white blood cells (aid in fighting infection)
• ? lifespan varies considerably
• ? can be classified as granulocytes, with further
  subdivisions such as netrophils, eosinophils,
  basophils and agranulocytes, with further
  subdivisions of monocytes and lymphocytes.

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• ? thousand for horse and cow both
• Plasma or Serum
• ? straw colored fluid
• ? water, 8 other substances
• ? kidneys responsible for maintaining constant
  proportions of water and other constituents.
• ?

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The heart

• cone shaped, hollow, muscular struture.
• apex free within pericardium (pericardial sac)
  that contains only enough fluid for lubrication.
• The heart consists of three layers
• ? epicardium- visceral layer
• ? endocardium-simple sqyamous endothelial
• ? myocardium-cardiac muscle

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• Heart divided into two halves, left and right
• Each side contains an atrium and a ventricle
• Valves seperate each of these four chambers from
  one another
• A-V valve seperates atrium from ventricle
• left A-V also known as bicuspid or mitral valve.
• right A-V valve known as tricuspid
• aortic semilunar valve located at junction of
  left ventricle and aorta
• pulmonary valve prevents blood from returning to
  right ventricle.