The PRoGRESS Project

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• The PRoGRESS Project
• Alistair Cox, Bristol City Council

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The PRoGRESS Project

• CUPID/PRoGRESS Overview
• PRoGRESS project deliverables
• PRoGRESS project demonstrators
• Overview of each site
• Key findings by site
• Emerging issues
• Contacts and further information

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The PRoGRESS Project

• CUPID
• (Co-ordinating Urban Pricing Integrated
  Demonstrations)
• Thematic Network
• Funded by DG TREN of the European Commission
• Aims to promote state of the art knowledge on
  urban transport pricing schemes.
• Provide guidance and assistance to PRoGRESS
  project
• Developed 15 key questions

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The PRoGRESS Project

• To demonstrate and evaluate the effectiveness
  and acceptance of integrated urban transport
  pricing schemes to achieve transport goals and
  raise revenue
• www.progress-project.org

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Project Deliverables
May 2002
Scheme Design Specifications
D4.2
Nov 2002
Legal, Organisational and Financial Frameworks
Mar 2004
Consultation, Marketing and Press Coverage
Demonstration Implementation Report
Practical Implementation Guide for Cities
Final Report
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PRoGRESS Demonstrators
City Demonstration Type
Helsinki Modelling and evaluation study
Copenhagen Gothenburg Bristol GPS trial with volunteers
Rome Introduction of real city centre charging scheme in work hours and demo in evenings
Trondheim New central RP cordon
Edinburgh Genoa Using different technologies ANPR trial with volunteer trials
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Helsinkis Activities

• Modelling exercise to to define realistic pricing
  scenarios for all modes
• Explore and promote acceptability of pricing
  through
• Interviews with various stakeholder groups.
• User survey (some 500 telephone interviews) on
  general acceptance
• Articles in main newspapers

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Gothenburgs Activities

• Trial testing the GPS/GSM technique
• Two scenarios (congestion and environmental)
• Real money is used as an incentive
• Evaluating effects, attitudes, as well as
  technique

The OBU is placed in a visible position on the
dashboard, clearly showing relevant driving
information
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Copenhagens Activities

• GPS trials
• Two main charging plans are tested
• Kilometre-charging
• Multiple zones

The OBU is placed in a visible position on the
dashboard, clearly showing relevant driving
information.
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Bristols Activities

• The Bristol demonstration assessed the potential
  for Mobile Positioning Systems (MPS)
• Other activities included Bristol Area Transport
  Study (BATS) model

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Romes Activities
Limited Traffic Zone established in 1988. Through
PRoGRESS introduction of integrated fare system
with PT integration to

• Reduce the no. of vehicles accessing LTZ
• Promote public transport and intermodality along
  rail lines

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Trondheims Activities

• Further studies of the existing pricing schemes
  focusing on
• Long-term effects (transport demand, social and
  commercial aspects, land-use, etc.)
• Investigation of a new city centre cordon

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Edinburghs Activities

• Aim
• to demonstrate that congestion charging could be
  introduced in Edinburgh
• Examining
• Technology
• Enforcement issues
• Operational systems that will
• be required for the scheme
• Extensive consultation and public participation.

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Genoas Activities

• Central City Scheme 2.5km2
• ANPR System (no in-car equipment)
• 6 months demo (Mar-Aug 2003) with 200 volunteers
• Modelling of the full-scheme RP application

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Helsinki Modelling

• Main results
• 2 main pricing scenarios
• A passage based zone system
• And distance based charging

Both scenarios have quite similar and acceptable
effects
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Helsinki User Acceptance
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Helsinki Revenue usage
Both key stakeholders and general public support
strongly the earmarking of revenue to be used for
local transport developments
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Gothenburg

• 2 GPS pricing schemes
• Mobility management
• Environmental benefit (congestion)

• Car trips inside the city reduced with PT usage
  increased and morning peak period spread

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Gothenburg Conclusions Attitudes
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Gothenburg Conclusions GPS

• Equipment not distracting
• Drivers did not feel as they were under
  surveillance
• Integrity not a big issue
• Technical hindrances still of major importance

The installed OBU and the price navigator
available on internet
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Copenhagen Demo Results
DKR
No change
1. Round trendline
2. Round trendline
3. Round trendline
Driving costs in tax period
DKR
Driving costs in control period
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Copenhagen Demo Results

• Map matching software developed to estimate trips
  when signal is lost
• Most units pick up GPS signal within 10 metres

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Copenhagen Congestion Mapping
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Bristol Modelling Results

• Electronic cordon charging scheme
• Peak charging period 0730-1000
• Initial charge 1 rising to 5 within 10 years
• Exemptions only for public buses, motorcycles,
  vehicles registered to disabled people and
  emergency service vehicles

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Bristol Modelling Results
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Bristol Demo Results

• ANPR effective for enforcement
• GPS would offer system without infrastructure
• Trade off between cost for units and installation
  issues
• Some teething problems with the system during the
  trial
• Technical hindrances still of major importance

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Rome ACSRP Scheme

• Area about 5 km2
• 22 Entrance gates
• Scheme ACSRP
• Admitted 190.000 plates
• RP fare up to 340 /year
• TIME ENFORCEMENT
• Working day 6.30-18.00

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Rome Impacts of Automatic Access Control
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Rome New Plans

• RP panel for the evening scheme - direct link to
  PRoGRSS
• Introduction of the full-scale evening RP to be
  integrated with advanced payment of the on-street
  parking
• Gate modifications for 2-wheels detection to
  apply policies to them
• Analysis of the time-use of LTZ on specific
  categories (Tourism buses) with VPS integrations
  
• Surveys and dissemination Campaigns
• Cost-benefit analysis.

• Approved by Ministry of Environment in 12/03
• Project start in March 04
• Demo panel for evening RP within June 04.

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Trondheim Expansion

• The development of the tolling system
• 1991 The urban toll ring
• 1998 The zonal toll system
• 2003 New cordon enclosing
• the city centre (CBD)
• The electronic charging system was upgraded to
  the AutoPass standard in 2000 (5.8 GHz DSRC)

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Trondheim New CBD Scheme
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Trondheim Evaluation

• Long term effects of RUC (1991-2003)
• Impacts of the new CBD-ring (opened Nov 2003)
• Study of a through-traffic charging system

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Edinburgh Key Outcomes

• ANPR based enforcement system satisfactory
  Licence purchasing system performed extremely
  well
• Volunteers acceptance of congestion charging
  increased
• The majority of volunteers had no problem with
  privacy issues

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Edinburgh preparation for full scheme

• Modelling results show reduction of car traffic
  and increase in public transport use
• Large net increase of people entering charged
  area
• Opposition of general public and stakeholders
  increased over time
• Level of public knowledge about scheme still very
  low

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Edinburgh preparation for full scheme

• Therefore need for substantial effort and
  resource into working with stakeholders and
  interest groups and for public information
• Strong political will is key factor for success

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Genoa demo results
Volunteers behaviour during 6 months of demo
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14
5
7
Reduction 2 30
Reduction 30 100
Zero passages
Transits increase
Unchanged
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Genoa Modelling Full Scheme
Entrance reduction with RP fee
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Genoa demo results
1.3
Effective, to apply immediately
Applicable after other interventions
41.7
41.0
Only a theoretical solution
14.7
Non applicable, useless
No answer
1.3
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Technology Issues DSRC

• Already established technology
• Effective operation in Rome and Trondhiem
• Cost of in car units low
• In vehicle Installation quick
• and simple
• Obstacles can occur with gantries

Trondheim
Rome
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Technology Issues ANPR

• Trials in Bristol, Edinburgh, Genoa and Rome
• Demonstrates can be used for scheme
  operation/enforcement
• Requires no in vehicle units
• Set up costs lower but can have higher running
  costs than GPS/DSRC

Bristol
Genoa
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Technology Issues GPS (1)

• Trials in Bristol, Copenhagen and Gothenburg show
  positive results from trials
• Findings suggest further developmental work is
  required
• Issues of privacy varies
• Other technological solutions could complement GPS

Bristol
Gothenburg
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Technology Issues GPS (2)

• Cost of units will affect implementation costs
• Retrofitting entire fleets will be significant
  task
• Galileo could improve GPS reception

Gothenburg
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User Acceptance (1)

• Preference for Electronic payment systems
• Clear purpose and objectives required
• Different scenarios difficult to understand
• Press act as both opinion makers and reporters

Edinburgh
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User Acceptance (2)

• Keep it simple!
• Field trials demonstrate how complex things can
  be for public/stakeholders
• Lengthy and complex process to gain support
• Media plays pivotal role

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Further Information

• In Person come and talk to us!
• Internet
• PRoGRSS website www.progress-project.org
• CUPID website www.transport-pricing.net/cupid.htm
  l
• Project Office
• transport_initiatives_at_bristol-city.gov.uk
• 44 (0)117 903 6452