Psychological Disorders

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Psychological Disorders 

• I. What is abnormality?
• II. Biological Vs. Psychological Approaches
• III. Major Psychological Disorders

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I. What is Abnormal?

• Psychopathology abnormality or disorder in
  patterns of thought, emotion or behavior.
• Psychological diagnosis label that identifies
  and explains mental disorders according to
  clinical interview and observation, testing and
  analysis of mental and behavioral development.
• DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
  Mental Disorders (4th Edition)

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Q How do psychologists determine what behaviors
are abnormal?

• Abnormality usually based on 6 indicators
  (usually must show two or more-Rosenhan
  Seligman, 1989)
• 1. Distress or intense anxiety
• 2. Maladaptiveness
• 3. Irrationality
• 4. Unpredictability
• 5. Unconventionality and statistical rarity
• 6. Observer Discomfort

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II. Biological Vs Psychological
(bio-psycho-social) Models

• Q How have people historically approached
  abnormality?
• A. Medical Model
• Phillipe Pinel (1745-1826)

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Psychological Model

• B. Psychological Model
• Anton Mesmer (1734-1815)
• Charcot (1825-1893)
• DSM-IV (1994)
• bio-psycho-social all behavior arises from an
  interaction of nature and nurture.

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III. Major Psychological Disorders

• A. Anxiety Disorders
• Ex Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• Ex Panic Disorders-
• Agoraphobia
• Ex Phobic disorders-
• Ex Obsessive-compulsive disorders-

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B. Dissociative Disorders

• Ex Dissociative/Psychogenic Amnesia
• Dissociative Fugue State
• Ex Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) once
  known as Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD)

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C. Affective/Mood Disorders

• Ex Major Depressive Disorder or Unipolar
  depression (20, women, 10 men)
• Ex Bipolar disorder- (About 1 of all adults)
• Mania and depression

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D. Schizophrenic Disorders

• 2-3 million Americans living, 1/100
• Can experience hallucinations and delusions
• Disorganized/illogical thinking
• Disturbed perceptions
• positive symptoms-things that exist-appearance of
  abnormality (hallucinations,delusions,
  disorganized bhr)
• negative symptoms-social withdrawal, flat affect

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Schizophrenia

• Different Types
• Catatonic
• Paranoid
• Disorganized
• Undifferentiated
• residual free from major symptoms but evidence
  from minor symptoms of continuation of disorder

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E. Personality Disorders

• Usually appear at adolescence. (12 types
  described by the DSM) most controversial
  diagnosis.
• Ex Antisocial personality disorder
• Ex narcissistic
• Ex histrionic
• Ex borderline

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F. Eating Disorders

• Ex Anorexia Nervosa
• approx 1 of all adolescents
• Ex Bulimia