Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders

1
Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders
Youre going to pieces.
Anxious?
Ups and Downs
Whats Abnormal?
Confused?
400
2
1. A person may have a strong fear of spiders,
but it is not considered a disorder unless it is

• A) not based in reality.
• B) the result of a traumatic experience.
• C) a harmless spider.
• D) dysfunctional.

3
2. The DSM-IV has two main goals

• A) to describe disorders and list their
  prevalence.
• B) to describe disorders and explain their
  causes.
• C) to provide an understanding of the underlying
  causes and treatment of disorders.
• D) to list disorders and reference their
  treatments.

4
3. If a person is diagnosed with Mental
Retardation, this would be listed on the DSM-IV

• A) on Axis I.
• B) on Axis II.
• C) on Axis III.
• D) on Axis IV.

5
4. The recent influence of Martin Seligman has
resulted in a manual which differed from the
DSM-IV, in that

• A) it is more scientific.
• B) it has more recent norms.
• C) its focus is on strengths.
• D) it includes treatment plans.

6
James has the medical condition of hypertension.
This would be found on the DSM-IV on

• A) Axis I.
• B) Axis III.
• C) Axis IV.
• D) Nowhere, this is not a mental disorder.

7
6. Helen suddenly has shortness of breath,
trembling, dizziness, chest pains and choking.
She goes to the emergency room and is told she is
not having a heart attack, she is experiencing

• A) generalized anxiety.
• B) a phobia.
• C) agoraphobia.
• D) a panic attack.

8
7. Social phobia is ____ taken to an extreme.

• A) nervous behavior
• B) shyness
• C) introversion
• D) avoidance

9
8. Hand washing several times until the skin
bleeds may be an example of a(n)

• A) compulsion.
• B) obsession.
• C) phobia.
• D) panic attack.

10
9. It is suggested that it is the _______ that
abused children experience that makes them more
vulnerable to the effects of trauma when adults.

• A) abusive trauma
• B) mental anguish
• C) learned helplessness
• D) repressed anxiety

11
10. Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the
brain, by creating fear circuits within

• A) the left parietal lobe.
• B) the prefrontal cortex.
• C) the occipital lobes.
• D) the amygdala.

12
11. If Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was a real case,
he would most likely be currently diagnosed with

• A) multiple personality disorder.
• B) paranoid schizophrenia.
• C) dissociative identity disorder.
• D) borderline personality disorder.

13
12. Showing little or no remorse, the person with
____ personality disorder will frequently lie,
cheat or steal without thinking of the
consequences to him/herself or to others.

• A) antisocial
• B) sociopathic
• C) criminal
• D) delinquent

14
13. Those with antisocial personality disorder
show decreased functioning in the ___ of the
brain.

• A) corpus callosum
• B) frontal lobes
• C) amygdala
• D) thalamus

15
14. The person diagnosed with ____ experiences a
heightened sensitivity to rejection, resulting in
withdrawing from others.

• A) antisocial personality disorder
• B) multiple personality disorder
• C) narcissistic personality disorder
• D) avoidant personality disorder

16
15. Julie says, I was not myself for a moment.
It felt like I was floating above my body. I
never experienced anything like it. You should
tell Julie _____.

• A) to lay off the booze for a while
• B) she is a nut-case and should be locked up
• C) she is suffering from a dissociative disorder
• D) this is a common occurrence of dissociation
  and nothing to worry about

17
16. Mood disorders are characterized by the
emotional extremes of

• A) depression and anxiety.
• B) hopelessness and despair.
• C) mania and depression.
• D) bipolar and unipolar.

18
17. In any given year, a depressive episode
plagues ___ of men and ___ of women across the
world.

• A) 5.8 9.5
• B) 6.4 11.5
• C) 10.3 20.2
• D) 15.6 25.3

19
18. Jim asks, Whats wrong with mania? If it is
the opposite of depression, that sounds great.
You tell Jim a major problem is

• A) they just want more and more excitement.
• B) grandiosity removes all limits on thoughts and
  behavior.
• C) they ignore pain and just feel great.
• D) they are too happy to deal with the real
  world.

20
19. Those who have been through one episode of
Major Depression

• A) are unlikely to have another occurrence in at
  least 5 years.
• B) have a 50 chance of having another episode.
• C) never get better without treatment.
• D) usually commit suicide within the next year.

21
20. Drugs such as Prozac often help with a
depressed mood because it

• A) adds more serotonin.
• B) increases serotonin and norepinephrine.
• C) blocks the reuptake of serotonin.
• D) decreases norepinephrine and increases
  serotonin.

22
21. A false belief that is strongly held in
spite of contradictory evidence is

• A) a leap of faith.
• B) a hallucination.
• C) disorganized thinking.
• D) a delusion.

23
22. The most common type of false perceptions in
schizophrenia are

• A) delusions of grandeur.
• B) visual hallucinations.
• C) auditory hallucinations.
• D) disorganized thinking.

24
23. Lack of emotional expression shown in
schizophrenia is called

• A) alogia.
• B) avolition.
• C) flat affect.
• D) delusions.

25
24 Which of the following would be an example of
a negative symptom?

• A) hallucinations
• B) expressionless tone of voice
• C) inappropriate laughter
• D) delusional thinking

26
25. Robert has an identical twin who was just
diagnosed with schizophrenia. Robert has about a
____ chance of developing schizophrenia.

• A) 100
• B) 50
• C) 75
• D) 15

27
Answers
Stop here, or continue as a review
28
1. A person may have a strong fear of spiders,
but it is not considered a disorder unless it is

• A) not based in reality.
• B) the result of a traumatic experience.
• C) a harmless spider.
• D) dysfunctional.

642
29
2. The DSM-IV has two main goals

• A) to describe disorders and list their
  prevalence.
• B) to describe disorders and explain their
  causes.
• C) to provide an understanding of the underlying
  causes and treatment of disorders.
• D) to list disorders and reference their
  treatments.

644
30
3. If a person is diagnosed with Mental
Retardation, this would be listed on the DSM-IV

• A) on Axis I.
• B) on Axis II.
• C) on Axis III.
• D) on Axis IV.

645
31
4. The recent influence of Martin Seligman has
resulted in a manual which differed from the
DSM-IV, in that

• A) it is more scientific.
• B) it has more recent norms.
• C) its focus is on strengths.
• D) it includes treatment plans.

646
32
James has the medical condition of hypertension.
This would be found on the DSM-IV on

• A) Axis I.
• B) Axis III.
• C) Axis IV.
• D) Nowhere, this is not a mental disorder.

645
33
6. Helen suddenly has shortness of breath,
trembling, dizziness, chest pains and choking.
She goes to the emergency room and is told she is
not having a heart attack, she is experiencing

• A) generalized anxiety.
• B) a phobia.
• C) agoraphobia.
• D) a panic attack.

650
34
7. Social phobia is ____ taken to an extreme.

• A) nervous behavior
• B) shyness
• C) introversion
• D) avoidance

651
35
8. Hand washing several times until the skin
bleeds may be an example of a(n)

• A) compulsion.
• B) obsession.
• C) phobia.
• D) panic attack.

651
36
9. It is suggested that it is the _______ that
abused children experience that makes them more
vulnerable to the effects of trauma when adults.

• A) abusive trauma
• B) mental anguish
• C) learned helplessness
• D) repressed anxiety

652
37
10. Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the
brain, by creating fear circuits within

• A) the left parietal lobe.
• B) the prefrontal cortex.
• C) the occipital lobes.
• D) the amygdala.

655
38
11. If Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was a real case,
he would most likely be currently diagnosed with

• A) multiple personality disorder.
• B) paranoid schizophrenia.
• C) dissociative identity disorder.
• D) borderline personality disorder.

656
39
12. Showing little or no remorse, the person with
____ personality disorder will frequently lie,
cheat or steal without thinking of the
consequences to him/herself or to others.

• A) antisocial
• B) sociopathic
• C) criminal
• D) delinquent

677
40
13. Those with antisocial personality disorder
show decreased functioning in the ___ of the
brain.

• A) corpus callosum
• B) frontal lobes
• C) amygdala
• D) thalamus

678
41
14. The person diagnosed with ____ experiences a
heightened sensitivity to rejection, resulting in
withdrawing from others.

• A) antisocial personality disorder
• B) multiple personality disorder
• C) narcissistic personality disorder
• D) avoidant personality disorder

677
42
15. Julie says, I was not myself for a moment.
It felt like I was floating above my body. I
never experienced anything like it. You should
tell Julie _____.

• A) to lay off the booze for a while
• B) she is a nut-case and should be locked up
• C) she is suffering from a dissociative disorder
• D) this is a common occurrence of dissociation
  and nothing to worry about

656
43
16. Mood disorders are characterized by the
emotional extremes of

• A) depression and anxiety.
• B) hopelessness and despair.
• C) mania and depression.
• D) bipolar and unipolar.

658
44
17. In any given year, a depressive episode
plagues ___ of men and ___ of women across the
world.

• A) 5.8 9.5
• B) 6.4 11.5
• C) 10.3 20.2
• D) 15.6 25.3

661
45
18. Jim asks, Whats wrong with mania? If it is
the opposite of depression, that sounds great.
You tell Jim a major problem is

• A) they just want more and more excitement.
• B) grandiosity removes all limits on thoughts and
  behavior.
• C) they ignore pain and just feel great.
• D) they are too happy to deal with the real
  world.

660
46
19. Those who have been through one episode of
Major Depression

• A) are unlikely to have another occurrence in at
  least 5 years.
• B) have a 50 chance of having another episode.
• C) never get better without treatment.
• D) usually commit suicide within the next year.

661
47
20. Drugs such as Prozac often help with a
depressed mood because it

• A) adds more serotonin.
• B) increases serotonin and norepinephrine.
• C) blocks the reuptake of serotonin.
• D) decreases norepinephrine and increases
  serotonin.

664
48
21. A false belief that is strongly held in
spite of contradictory evidence is

• A) a leap of faith.
• B) a hallucination.
• C) disorganized thinking.
• D) a delusion.

669
49
22. The most common type of false perceptions in
schizophrenia are

• A) delusions of grandeur.
• B) visual hallucinations.
• C) auditory hallucinations.
• D) disorganized thinking.

670
50
23. Lack of emotional expression shown in
schizophrenia is called

• A) alogia.
• B) avolition.
• C) flat affect.
• D) delusions.

670
51
24 Which of the following would be an example of
a negative symptom?

• A) hallucinations
• B) expressionless tone of voice
• C) inappropriate laughter
• D) delusional thinking

671
52
25. Robert has an identical twin who was just
diagnosed with schizophrenia. Robert has about a
____ chance of developing schizophrenia.

• A) 100
• B) 50
• C) 75
• D) 15

674
53
Acknowledgements

• Step Up Created by
• John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
• Based on Psychology, Eighth Edition
• By David G. Myers
• Published by
• Worth Publishers (2007)

54
Answers
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. B
6. D
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. D
11. C
12. A
13. B
14. D
15. D
16. C
17. A
18. B
19. B
20. C
21. D
22. C
23. C
24. B
25. B