The Muscular System

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The Muscular System

• Chapter 10

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The Muscular System

• Structure/function of muscles

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Organization of Muscles

• 600 Human skeletal muscles
• General structural and functional topics
• _____________________________
• connective tissues of muscle
• coordinated actions of muscle groups
• _____________________________

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The Functions of Muscles

• Movement of body parts and organ contents
• ____________________________________
• ___________________ - speech, expression and
  writing
• Control of openings and passageways
• ____________________

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Connective Tissues of a Muscle

• Terms
• _______________
• _______________
• Endomysium
• Fasicle
• ______________
• ______________
• Deep fascia

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Location of Fascia

• Deep fascia
• ____________________________
• ______________________________
• adipose between skin and muscles

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Parts of a Skeletal Muscle

• ______________
• attachment to stationary end of muscle
• Belly
• _______________ _______________
• _______________
• attachment to mobile end of muscle

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Skeletal Muscle Shapes

• _____________________________ (biceps brachii m.)
• thick in middle and tapered at ends
• Parallel muscles have parallel fascicles
• rectus abdominis m.
• Convergent muscle
• broad at origin and tapering to a narrower
  insertion
• ________________ muscles (rectus femoris and
  deltoid)
• fascicles insert obliquely on a tendon
• _________________________________________________
• ________________ (orbicularis oculi)
• ring around body opening

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Muscle Actions

• Prime mover or agonist
• __________________________
• ______________________ aids the prime mover
• stabilizes the nearby joint
• modifies the direction of movement
• Antagonist
• ___________________________
• preventing excessive movement and injury
• _________________________
• prevents movement of bone

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Muscle Actions during Elbow Flexion

• Prime mover (agonist) brachialis
• Synergist biceps brachii
• Antagonist triceps brachii
• Fixator muscle that holds scapula firmly in
  place
• rhomboideus m.

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• Bipennate parallel
  circular
• convergent
  multipennate
• fusiform
  unipennate

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• fiber
• Fibril
• perimysium
• Fasicle
• endomysium
• Epimysium
• Deep fascia

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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Muscles

• ___________ are contained within a region such as
  the hand.
• ______________ move the fingers but are found
  outside the region.

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Skeletal Muscle Innervation

• _____________ arising from the brain
• exit the skull through foramina
• numbered I to XII
• ____________________ arising from the spinal cord
• exit the vertebral column through intervertebral
  foramina

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How Muscles are Named

• English names for muscles are modifications of
  the Latin names.
• Table 10.1 terms used to name muscles
• _______________ elevates a body part
• profundus deepest
• _____________________ having 4 heads

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Athletic Injuries

• Vulnerable to sudden and intense stress
• Proper conditioning and warm-up needed
• Common injuries
• _____________________
• pulled hamstrings
• _____________________
• Treat with rest, ice, compression and elevation
• No pain, no gain is a dangerous misconception