Rainbows, haloes

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Rainbows, haloes and glories John Inglesfield
Photos by Whin Inglesfield Calculations by Owen
Davies and Jeff Wannell Technical help from
Rhodri Baker
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Rainbow above Pen-y-Ghent, Pennines
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Formation of primary and secondary bows
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Concentration of rays around rainbow angle (from
Greenler, Rainbows, Halos, and Glories)
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Raindrops contributing to bows (from Greenler,
Rainbows, Halos, and Glories)
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Ground rainbow, Burnmoor
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Polar plot of light scattering by raindrop
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Bright sky, dark sky
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Caustics in Sardinia
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Polarization in the Polder (from Minnaert, The
Nature of Light and Colour in the Open Air)
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Rainbow above Pen-y-Ghent, Pennines
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Waves of red light add up, waves of green light
cancel out (adapted from Greenler, Rainbows,
Halos, and Glories)
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Diffraction for supernumeraries - drop of radius
0.5 mm
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Diffraction for fog bow (white bow) - drop of
radius 0.05 mm
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Fog bow above Easedale
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Corona around moon, Bonvilston
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Brocken spectre from Steel Fell (by Brian Baker)
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Glory seen from the air
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Halo, from Scout Scar above Kendal
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Minimum deviation in refraction through ice
crystal
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Haloes in Antarctica (from W. Tape, Atmospheric
Halos, Antarctic Research Series)
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Halo and parhelic circle
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Sun-dogs (parhelia) above Cunswick Scar