Kinetics and Kinematics of Landings

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Kinetics and Kinematics of Landings

• Jeff Seegmiller, EdD, ATC

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• Landings are common in most sports

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• Landings are common in most sports
• Landings are the point at which many injuries
  occur

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• Landings are common in most sports
• Landings are the point at which many injuries
  occur
• Impact forces during landings may be a causative
  factor in many lower extremity injuries.

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• Studying the kinetics and kinematics of landings
  may help to understand injury

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NCAA Injury Surveillance System
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NCAA Injury Surveillance System
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• Review of Literature

Tant, Wilkerson, and Browder (1989) barefoot drop
landings in 30 female gymnasts
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• Review of Literature

Tant, Wilkerson, and Browder (1989) barefoot drop
landings in 30 female gymnasts. McNitt Gray
(1991) landing strategies gymnasts recreational
athletes
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• Review of Literature

Tant, Wilkerson, and Browder (1989) barefoot drop
landings in 30 female gymnasts. McNitt Gray
(1991) landing strategies gymnasts recreational
athletes Bates, Dufek, and Davis (1992) the
effect of trial size on statistical power.
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Clinical Research

• Ground Reaction Forces Among Gymnasts and
  Recreational Athletes in Drop Landings
• Kinematic Differences Among Gymnasts and
  Recreational Athletes in Drop Landings
• The Effect of Caffeine Withdrawal on Reaction
  Time During Sudden Ankle Inversion
• Kinetic and Kinematic comparison of Dominant and
  Non-Dominant Legs
• Differences In Kinetics And Kinematics Among
  Female Adolescent Gymnasts And Recreational
  Athletes Effects of technique instruction on
  landing performance

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Ground Reaction Forces Among Gymnasts and
Recreational Athletes in Drop Landings
Seegmiller JG, McCaw ST.

• Objective to compare the vertical GRF between
  gymnasts and recreational athletes during drop
  landings from 30, 60,and 90 cm heights
• Design Setting two subject groups completed
  ten landing trials onto a force platform at each
  height
• Purpose determine if there were differences in
  landing kinetics between gymnasts and
  recreational athletes

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Subjects

• Subjects
• Ten female competitive gymnasts (ht1.57 0.02
  m mass 55.4 7.3kg)
• Ten female recreational athletes (ht1.63 0.06
  m mass 59.6 4.9kg)
• Ages 18-23

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Measurements

• First Peak force magnitude (F1)
• Time to F1
• Impulse to F1
• Second Peak force magnitude (F2)
• Time to F2
• Impulse to F2

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Results

• A 2x3 (group x height) mixed factors ANOVA was
  performed for each of the six variables.
• Significant group by height interaction for F1,
  F2, and impulse to F2.
• Tukey post hoc analyses revealed
• significantly higher values for the gymnasts than
  recreational athletes at 60 and 90 cm heights for
  F1 and F2 magnitudes. Differences between groups
  for T1, T2, impulse to F1, and impulse to F2 were
  not statistically significant at any height.

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F1 Magnitude mean values (p0.001). Figure
indicates group mean values for each height
condition. Error bars indicate standard
deviation. Indicate significant difference
between groups at 60 cm. Indicate significant
difference between groups at 90 cm.
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F2 Magnitude mean values (p0.002). Figure
indicates group mean values for each height
condition. Error bars indicate standard
deviation. Indicate significant difference
between groups at 60 cm. Indicate significant
difference between groups at 90 cm.
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Conclusions

• Competitive gymnasts are exposed to higher force
  levels during drop landings than recreational
  athletes.
• Higher loads experienced by gymnasts may
  contribute to injury.

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Kinematics of Landings
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The Effect of Caffeine Withdrawal on Reaction
Time During Sudden Ankle Inversion
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Kinetic and Kinematic comparison of Dominant and
Non-Dominant Legs
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Differences In Kinetics And Kinematics Among
Female Adolescent Gymnasts And Recreational
Athletes Effects of technique instruction on
landing performance
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Other Research

• Low Level Laser Therapy Facilitates Superficial
  Wound Healing in Humans A Double-blind
  Sham-controlled Study
• Peroneal Characteristics Following Sudden Ankle
  Inversion During Standing and Walking
• Assessment of Quality Characteristics in
  Post-Certification Graduate Athletic Training
  Education Programs
• Electronic Portfolios in Athletic Training
  Education

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Questions