Time after Time

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Time after Time
Its the End of the World as We Know It
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Geologic Time
How did our planet get the way it is today,
anyway?
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Geologic Time picture books
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Pre-Cambrian Era

• A. Began 4.6 billion years ago
• B. 85 of Earths History
• C. When life began, but how did it begin?
• 3 Theories
• 1. Giant comet that contained C hit Earth
• 2. Ingredients necessary for life were already
  here. It happened by chance.
• 3. An asteroid containing bacteria from another
  planet crashed into Earth.

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Journal Entry 5
Creation vs. Evolution
What do you believe and WHY?
You have 5 minutes.
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Pre-Cambrian Era

• D. Volcanic and meteorites were changing Earths
  appearance
• 1. Heat from inside E was escaping and surface
  was constantly changing
• 2. Volcanoes released gases that accumulated in
  the atmosphere
• 3. Meteorites created huge holes and craters on
  Es surface

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Pre-Cambrian Era

• E. Most rocks were metamorphic
• F. The atmosphere had lots of water vapor but
  very little oxygen anaerobic
• G. Organisms
• 1. First fossils were of plants, algae, and
  bacteria.
• 2. They began a simple form of
  photosynthesis.

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Photosynthesis

• 6CO2 6H2O ? 6O2 C6H12O6

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Pre-Cambrian Era

• G. Organisms, cont.
• 3. Released free O2 which led to an ozone
  layer
• 4. The algae and bacteria had no nucleus
  
• a. Reproduced by cell division
• b. Led to multi-celled organisms

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Pre-Cambrian Era

• G. Organisms, cont.
• 5. Fossils of soft bodied orgs were found in
  rocks in Australia
• a. Jelly fish
• b. Worms
• c. Other primitive invertebrates
• 6. We see evidence of the first animal
  communities in shallow marine waters during this
  time.

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Pre-Cambrian Era

• H. This era marks the first documented
  supercontinent, but it wasnt Pangea.

12
Paleozoic Era
A. Climate changed from cool and dry to warm and
humid lush vegetation and dense swampy forests
B. First era with true fossils C. Organisms 1.
Began to develop shells a. Calcium carbonate
and calcium phosphate b. Outer skeletons were
AKA shells
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Paleozoic Era

• C. Organisms, cont.
• 1. Began to develop shells, cont.
• c. Less vulnerable
• d. Protection against UV rays
• e. Orgs allowed to move onto land and grow
  larger

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Paleozoic Era

• C. Organisms, cont.
• 2. Appearance of vertebrates jawless fish
• 3. Widespread glaciation led to an extinction
• 4. Air breathing scorpions and millipedes became
  common terrestrial animals

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Paleozoic Era

• C. Organisms, cont.
• 5. Sharks and boney fish were in the water
• 6. Lobe-finned fish could breath air and walk
  with fins
• a. 1st amphibians descended from lobe-finned
  fish

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Paleozoic Era

• C. Organisms, cont.
• 7. Plants are the first to actually move out of
  the water and onto land
• 8. Terrestrial plants with well-developed
  circulatory systems (vascular plants) led to most
  of the coal we use today.

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Paleozoic Era

• C. Organisms, cont.
• 9. Insects underwent evolution
• a. Giant roaches
• b. Dragonflies had 80 cm wingspan

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Paleozoic Era

• C. Organisms, cont.
• 10. Evolution of first reptiles due to amniotic
  egg
• a. protection
• b. do not have to lay eggs in water like
  amphibians

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Paleozoic Era

• C. Organisms, cont.
• 11. Reptiles ruled the Earth for 200 million
  years
• 12. 90 of all marine animals became extinct
  during this period
• a. Hypothesis global cooling and glaciation

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Paleozoic Era

• D. The Land
• 1. A piece of Africa, Europe, and NA created
  Laurasia
• 2. Africa, Australia, Antarctica, SA, New
  Zealand, India and SE Asia created
  Gondwanaland

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Paleozoic Era

• D. The Land, cont.
• 3. Ice sheets covered Africa which was then
  at the south pole
• 4. Laurasia and Gondwanaland collided to
  create Pangea
• 5. Appalacian Mtns and Rocky Mtns were being
  created

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Paleozoic Era

• Review
• Plants move onto land
• Fish drought amphibians move toward land to
  escape predators amniotic shelled egg forms
  reptiles come along reptiles move amphibians
  back into the water

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Mesozoic Era

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceous-Tertiary_e
  xtinction_event

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Mesozoic Era

• A. Age of Reptiles (Rise of dinosaurs)
• 1. Anapsids
• a. turtles and tortoises
• b. lots because their shells were rather
  unique
• 2. Euryapsids reptiles of the sea

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Mesozoic Era

• A. Age of Reptiles, cont.
• 3. Synapsids
• a. Mammal-like reptiles that evolved into
  mammals
• 4. Diapsids dinosaurs

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Mesozoic Era

• B. Plants
• 1, Pines and Redwoods began to appear
• 2. Ferns and Ginkos appear
• 3. Flowering plants were the dominant flora
• a. Led to the specialization of insects
• b. Pollinators

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Mesozoic Era

• C. Three main theories for the great extinction
  of dinosaurs, flying reptiles, and marine reptiles

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Mesozoic Era

• C. Three main theories, cont.
• 1. Large Meteorite
• a. Impact crater in Mexican Yucatan
  Peninsula
• b. Evidence abundance of Iridium in Es
  crust meteorites have a similar amount of
  iridium

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Mesozoic Era

• C. Three main theories, cont.
• 1. Large Meteorite, cont.
• c. When it hit dust in the atmosphere blocked
  light, stopped photosynthesis, terminated
  the food supply, and chilled E
• d. Acid rain, tsunamis, wildfires, and
  delayed greenhouse effect also took place

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Mesozoic Era

• D. The Land
• 1. This is when the initial break up of Pangea
  took place.
• 2. Laurasia and Gondwanaland broke apart

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Cenozoic Era

• A. Age of Mammals
• B. Cool atmosphere and climate
• C. After the great extinction of Mesozoic, niches
  were left open for the taking
• D. Took place during the ice age

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Cenozoic Era

• D. Took place during the ice age
• 1. Currently in an ice age, just an
  interglacial period.
• 2. During glacial episodes

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Cenozoic Era

• D. Took place during the ice age, cont.
• 2. During glacial episodes
• a. Land is covered by large amounts of ice,
  which pushes down on the land which changes the
  course of streams and rivers
• b. Glaciers erode, scratch the land, and
  leave behind moraines

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Cenozoic Era

• D. Took place during the ice age, cont.
• 3. When the sea level was lowered a land
  bridge was exposed
• a. Along the Bering Strait
• b. Animal migration from Asia to NA took
  place
• c. Human migration followed

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Cenozoic Era

• E. The Land
• 1. The NA plate crashed into the Pacific Ridge
• a. Created the San Andreas Fault and Baja
  California (peninsula) was torn away from
  Mexico
• b. Gulf of CA formed
• c. CA and Baja California will probably
  completely detach and eventually join
  Western Canada

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Cenozoic Era

• E. The Land, cont.
• 2. The Hawaiian Islands begin to show a bend
  because plate motion changed from due north
  to northwest
• 3. Uplift of the Rocky Mountains continues.