Fats and Carbohydrates

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Fats and Carbohydrates
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Functions of fat in the body

• Fat provides energy, keeps us warm, protects
  internal organs and contains fat soluble vitamins
  A and D. The word fat describes fats and olis
• At room temperature fats are solid and oils are
  liquid. They come from plant and animal sources.

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Animal fats and vegetable oils

• Animal fats are found in
• Cream
• Dripping
• Lard
• Butter
• Suet
• Meat
• Oily fish
• Eggs
• cheese
• meat.

• Vegetable fats are found in
• Seeds
• Olives
• Soya beans
• nuts

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Types of fat

• Saturated fats raise the cholesterol level. This
  can lead to health problems, so foods containing
  saturated fats should be eaten sparingly or
  replaced with healthier options. Foods which
  contain saturated fats are
• Meat pies
• Sausages
• Hard cheese
• Coconut and palm oil
• Butter
• Ghee
• Lard
• Cream.

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Hydrogenated fat

• Hydrogen is bubbled through some oils to improve
  flavour and shelf life. This type of fat is known
  as hydrogenated fat. It is used by manufacturers
  to make
• margarine,
• spreads,
• pastry,
• cakes,
• biscuits
• fast foods.
• Hydrogenated fat is as harmful as saturated fats.

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Unsaturated (polyunsaturated)

• Unsaturated fats can help to reduce the level of
  cholesterol in the blood. Foods containing
  unsaturated fats included.
• Oily fish
• Avocados
• Nuts
• Seeds
• Sunflower oils and corn oils
• Walnut and rape seed oils and spreads
• Vegetable oils
• Soya beans

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Functions of carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates have several uses in the body
• They provide energy
• NSP(non starch polysaccharides) known as fibre
  which can reduce cholesterol in the blood.
• They can help eliminate waste products as NSP
  cannot be digested.

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Types of carbohydrate

• Carbohydrates are sugars and starches. Sugars are
  sweet and dissolve. Starches are not sweet and do
  not dissolve. Sugars can be monosaccharides
  (simple sugars)
• Or disaccharides(two sugars joined together)
• Starches are known as polysaccharides(many sugars
  joined together)
• NSP is the other type of carbohydrate.

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Conversion of carbohydrates

• Sugars provide instant energy. Starches have to
  be digested into sugars before the energy can be
  released. So energy from starches is released
  more slowly.
• Athletes such as marathon runners at starchy food
  like pasta because the energy from that food will
  be released slowly during the race.
• If you eat more carbohydrate then you need it
  will be stored as fat.
• This can lead to obesity and related health
  problems.
• Sugar causes tooth decay and so it is important
  to have as little as possible and to brush your
  teeth.