Parasitology

1
Parasitology

• Historical groupings
• Ecto/Endoparasites
• Obligate/Facultative parasites
• Permanent/Temporary parasites

2
Biological Vectors

• Hyperparasitism
• e.g mosquito carrying malaria protozoan
• Biological vectors
• Mechanical vectors

3
HostParasite Relationships

• Definitive host
• Intermediate host

4
Parasite Defenses

• Encystment
• Immunological challenges
• Host cell invasion to escape Immune system

5
Parasite Damage

• Nutritional deprivation
• Direct trauma/obstruction
• Inflammation

6
Plant-like Protozoa

• (Algae)
• Euglenoids
• Diatoms
• Dinoflagellates

7
Fungus-like Protozoa

• Water molds
• Slime Molds

8
Animal-like Protozoa

• Mastigophorans
• Use flagellae
• Trypanosoma brucei
• Trypanosoma cruzi

9
Animal-like Protozoa

• Amebozoa
• Ameboid movement with pseudopods
• Entamoeba histolytica

10
Animal-like Protozoa

• Apicomplexans
• Apical enzyme complex assists host cell
  penetration
• Plasmodium
• Toxoplasma gondii

11
Animal-like Protozoa

• Ciliates
• Move with cilia
• Balantidium coli

12
Fungi

• Mycology
• Single celled
• Multicellular
• Thallus
• Mycelium
• Hyphus
• Septae

13
Importance of Fungi

• Industry
• Decomposers
• Antibiotic producers
• Pathogens

14
Classification Fungal Phyla

• Phylum Zygomycota
• Conjugation Fungi
• Coenocytic hyphae
• Molds
• Rhizopus
• Opportunistic

• Phylum Ascomycota (Sac)
• Yeasts and multicellular fungi
• Septate hyphae when multicellular
• Penicillium
• Saccharomyces
• Candida
• Trichphyton
• Aspergillus
• Blastomyces

15
Classification Other Phyla

• Basidiomycota (Club)
• Multicellular, septate hyphae
• Deuteromycota (Imperfect)
• Sexual forms not (yet?) observed
• Likely to be Ascomycota when classification is
  completed

16
Helminths - Platyhelminths

• Phylum Platyhelmintha (Flatworms)
• Flukes (Class Trematodes)
• Schistosoma japonicum

• Tapeworm (Class Cestodes)
• Taenia saginata

17
Helminths - Nematodes

• Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms)
• Trichinella spiralis

18
Arthropods

• Arachnids
• Spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites
• Ticks as Vectors
• Ixodes for B. burgdorferi
• Viral encephalitis
• Colorado tickfever
• Bacterial Rocky Mountain spotted fever

• Insects
• Vectors for Borrelia causing relapsing fever
• Fleas can carry Yersinia pestis
• Mosquitoes carry Plasmodium and Wuchereria
• Crustaceans
• Few may transmit disease, including Guinea worms