(Parasitology)

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?????????? (Parasitology)
?????????????????? ??. ???????? ??????
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??????????
?????????????????? Parasites
??? Parasitism
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Symbiosis
????????????????????????????????? 2 ???? ( 2
species ) ?????????????????? ????
1. Mutualism ??? ????????????????????????????
????????????????????????
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2.Commensalism ??? ???????????????????????????
????????????? ????????????????????????????????????
??? 3.Phoresis ??? ??????????????????????????
??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
???????????????????
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4. Parasitism ??? ???????????????????????????
????????????? ???????????????????????????????????
??????? ????????????????????????
?????????????????? ???????? ????? ( Parasites
) ???????????????? ???????? ????? ( Host )
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??????????? 2 ???????? 1.
????????????????????? ( Plant parasites ) 2.
??????????????????????? ( Animal parasites )
Parasite
1. ????????????????????? ( Plant parasites )
?????? bacteria , fungus , virus, rickettsia
,spirochetes (???????????????????????????????????
?????Plant Kingdom ) ????????????????????????????
????????????????
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2. ??????????????????????? ( Animal parasites
) ???????????????????????????????????
???? Medical Parasitology, ?????????????????,
????????????????
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????????????????????
1. ??????? (History) 2. ?????????????
(Geographic distribution) 3. ?????????
(Morphology) 4. ???????? (Biology) 5. ??????? (
Life cycle ) 6. ????????????? ( Mode of
transmission )
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7. ??????????? ( Pathogenesis )
??????????????? ????????????????????????? 8.
????????? ( Pathology ) 9. ????? ( Symptoms
) 10. ????????? ( Signs Labolatory findings
) 11. ??????????? ( Diagnosis ) 12.
???????????? ( Immunology )
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13. ???????? ( Treatment ) 14. ?????????? (
Epidemiology ) 15. ?????????? ( Prevention
) 16. ????????????? ( References )
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??????????????????
Medical Parasitology 1. Medical Protozoology -
Protozoa
2. Medical Helminthology - ??????????? (
Flatworm ) ???????????
?????????? ( Trematode fluke )
??????????? ( Cestode tapeworm )
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- ??????????? ( Nematode )
3. Medical Entomology - Arthropods of
medical importance ??????????????????????
???? Arthropods ?????????????
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???????????????????
1. Nomenclature Classification of
Parasites ???????? Parasite ?????????????????
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
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?????????? Phylum Class Order F
amily Genus ??? Species
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??????????????????? ????????????? Scientific
name ?????????????????? Genus Species ????
Binomial names (2 ????) ???? Taenia solium
(???????????) Taenia saginata (???????????) Asca
ris lumbricoides (?????????????)
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??????????????? ????? ???? Subspecies ????
Variety ???? Bithynia siamensis siamensis
Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos Pediculus
humanus corpris (Body lice ???) Pediculus
humanus capitis (Head lice ???)
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2. ??????????????????????????????? Host
specificity ??????? ?????????????????????????????
??? ?????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????
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Life cycle of parasite ???????
????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????? ?????????? ???????? Adult
worm ??????????? ???????? Larva stage ????
Immature stage
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??????????????? ( simple life cycle
) ????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????? Homoxenous
????????????????? ( complex life cycle )
?????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????? Heteroxenous
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????????????
Definitive host
( Normal host, Natural host, Final host
) ??????? ???????????????????? ( Adult worm )
????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????
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Intermediate host
??????? ????????????????????? ( Larva stage )
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????
First (1st) intermediate host Second (2nd)
intermediate host
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Reservoir host
??????? ?????????????????????? ???????
definitive host ??????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????
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Accidental host ( Abnormal host )
??????? ????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????
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Paratenic host
( Transfer host, Transport host ) ???????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?? ???????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????
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Carrier
??????? ?????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????? ????????????????????????? 1.
Contact carrier 2. Convalescent
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Vector
??????? ????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????? ????????????????
vector ???? intermediate host ????
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????????????

Ectoparasite
??????? ???????????????????????????????????
???? ???? ???
Endoparasite
??????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????
?????
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(Intermittent parasite) ???????
??????????????????????????????????????
(Obligatory parasite) ???????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
Temporary parasite
Permanent parasite
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Facultative parasite
??????? ????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????
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Parasitosis
??????? ??? ???? ????????? ( pathologic
condition ) ????????????????????????? 2
????????? 1. Infection ???????????????????????
Protozoa ???? Helminth 2. Infestation
??????????????????????????????? Arthropod
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Reinfection Superinfection Autoinfection (
Self-infection , Hyperinfection )
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???????????????
Infective stage
??????? ???????????? infect ???????????????????
???????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????
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Mode ( Method ) of infection
??????? ???????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????
(??????????????????? ??? infective stage)
Mode ( Method ) of transmission
??????? ????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????
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Portal of entry
??????? ??????????????????????? ???? ?????????
???????????????? ??????????????
Route of migration
??????? ?????????? Infective stage
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????
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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????? 2 ??? ???
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1. Parasitological periods ???????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ????????????????????????????????????????????
??????
Prepatent period ???????
????????????????????????????????????????? (
infective stage ) ????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????
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Patent period ??????? ??????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
?????????????????? Subpatent period ???????
???????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????
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2. Clinical periods ???????
?????????????????????????????? Incubation period
??????? ?????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????
Period of symptoms ??????? ?????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
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Period of relapse ??????? ??????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????? (
????????????????????????? ) Latent
period ??????? ?????????????????????????????????
??????????????
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Factor ?????????????????????????????????????????
??? 1. Climate 2. Social and food-habits of
host 3. Vector and intermediate host
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