Ch 13 respiratory system breathing and lung capacity

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Ch 13 respiratory systembreathing and lung
capacity
PPT 2
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Ch 13- Mechanics of breathing/ventilation

• Volume changes lead to pressure changes, so
  gases flow to equalize pressure

BUT.. Why does this occur?
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Inspiration
Thoracic cavity size increases
SO AIR RUSHES IN
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Expiration
SO AIR RUSHES OUT
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Diffusion of respiratory gases
WHY?????

• O2 and CO2 movement from high to low
  concentration across a semi-permeable membrane..
  passive transport

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Diffusion of respiratory gases
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Diffusion of respiratory gases
Internal respiration
External respiration
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Lung capacity
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Factors affecting lung capacity and volume

• A persons size
• Sex
• Age
• Physical condition

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Respiratory capacities are measured with a
spirometer
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(No Transcript)
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Control of respiration

• Brainstem-
• medulla oblongata
• pons

Phrenic nerve from cervical spinal nerves-
controls diaphragm Intercostal nerves- control
intercostal muscles
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Rate and depth of respiration affected by
Chemical factors- decreased O2 or increased CO2
in blood

• Emotional factors- scared, calm, etc

Homeostatic imbalances
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Rate and depth of respiration affected by

• Physical factors- talking, exercising, increased
  body temp, etc

Consicous control- holding your breath, but is
overrun by need for O2
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Rate and depth of respiration affected by

• Imbalances affecting chemical factors

Hyperventilation- breathe rapidly, gets rid of
excess CO2
Apnea- stop breathing if need to increase CO2 in
blood
Cyanosis-CO2 builds up in blood if apnea occurs
too long
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Other Homeostatic Imbalances
CF
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Other homeostatic imbalances
Asthma
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Other homeostatic imbalances
IRDS
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Other homeostatic imbalances
TB
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Other homeostatic imbalances
Lung cancer
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Other homeostatic imbalances
COPD-
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COPD complications