Renewable Energy Options

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Renewable Energy Options

• Vijay Gupta

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Renewed Interest

• World is looking at Renewable Energy with renewed
  interests.
• Primary reasons being
• Limited Availability of Fossil Fuels
• Pollution
• Global Warming
• Drain on Economic Wealth

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Advantages of RE

• Indigenous Sustainable Development
• Energy Security
• Better Environment
• Export Economic Growth
• Reduced Imports.

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Wasted Opportunity

• Another important feature of Renewable Energy is
  that it is wasted opportunity Fossil fuel We
  can use today/ Tomorrow. Solar Energy / Wind
  energy of today can be used only today and not
  tomorrow. We need to start efforts today itself.
• Presently in India out of total Installed
  Capacity 6 is from R/E. Govt. is targeting 20
  share of RE by year 2030.

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Available Options

• Wind Energy
• Solar Energy
• Small Hydro
• Bio Energy
• Hydrogen Fuel Cell Fuel Cell converts natural
  gas, methanol or hydrogen into electricity
  quietly without combustion. When Hydrogen is the
  fuel source heat and water vapours are the only
  byproducts.
• Tidal Waves experimental models have been
  developed to capture wave energy.
• Geo Thermal

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Wind Energy

• India has 4th Largest Wind Power Generation
  Capacity.
• Choices are again
• Large Windmills 300KW, 600 KW, 800 KW, 1.25MW,
  1.5MW etc.
• Mini Windmills 6KW, 15KW
• Micro Windmills 600 Watt

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Large Windmills

• Typical Investment Rs. 5 Cr. Rs. 6 Cr. for 1
  MW installation
• Typical PLF 25 i.e. actual output is likely to
  be 25 of installed capacity.
• Typical Returns 15 incl. tax benefits.
• Payback Period 7 years.
• Possible Sites Maharashtra, Gujrat, Karnataka,
  Tamilnadu etc.

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Contd.

• Different states have different advantages
  Maharashtra Tariff is high 3.50 Per unit
  increase of 15 paisa for 13 years.
• Tamilnadu Coastal belt of Kanyakumari, Madurai
• Gujrat coastal belt of Kutch area has better
  wind Potential.
• Financing Options Commercial Banks, IREDA-
  Indian Renewable Energy Development Authority,
  IFC International Finance Corporation.
• Present Installation 7200 MW
• Potential 45000 MW.

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Mini Windmills

• Smaller the windmill higher the cost of
  generation. However it is still relevant in
  places where Wind is available at suitable speed
  but Grid is not available. Still in India only
  50 population is getting Electricity supplied
  from State maintained Grid.
• Mini mills can also be useful for tax planning at
  lower income levels and at community levels
  Resident Welfare Associations, Panchayats,
  Villages, High Rise Building etc.
• Mini windmills 6 KW typical investment USD
  30000.
• 15 KW -Typical Investment USD 60000.
• Tower height 15 Meters can be installed on
  rooftops

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Micro Windmills

• useful for Domestic application typical
  investment 2000 USD. By connecting to Batteries
  we can store power generated and use it for
  longer period can substitute investments in
  Inverters / Generators. India has large potential
  as there are many persons in small towns and
  cities who buy expensive Watches, LCD TV etc.

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Additional Benefits

• Sustainable development,
• CDM benefits typically 12-15 over and above
  regular revenues,
• Energy Security,
• Local Development.
• Jatropha farming is being planned on land near
  windmills.

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Solar Power

• Solar Energy is used in two forms direct as
  heat energy or in the form of Electrical energy.
• Direct Applications Thermal Systems such as
  solar cooker, solar water heater, solar dryer
  etc.
• Solar Photo-Voltaic systems Solar Lantern, Solar
  Home light and Solar Street Light etc.

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Contd.

• It is estimated that if we are able to harness 1
  of solar power it is sufficient to provide 10KW
  power to 10 Billion people on earth. The initial
  cost of setting up is very high but still much
  cheaper to conventional kerosene based lamps. One
  study shows that cost of generating 1kw
  electricity from kerosene lamps costs Rs. 44 per
  unit while comparable cost of Generating 1 KW of
  electricity from solar PV is Rs. 24. Although
  this amount may appear very high but
  technological improvements are making the costs
  to come down rapidly.

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Contd.

• At personal levels also we can make a beginning
  by using PV modules to meet our domestic lighting
  requirements.
• In remote parts where it is extremely difficult
  or expensive to supply electricity thru a
  national grid Solar PV is providing a cost
  effective solution.

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Small Hydro

• Small Hydro projects also provide a good source
  of Renewable energy. Hydro projects upto 25MW are
  generally classified as small hydro. Total
  potential in India is 15000 MW out of which 1826
  MW is already installed and 1400 MW is under
  various stages of installation. Typical
  investments for a small hydro will be Rs. 3.5 to
  4 Cr. per MW.

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Types

• Run on River
• Canal Based
• Dam Based.

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Setting Up

• Starting point would be to contact Non
  Conventional Energy development agency of various
  states to get list of already identified sites.
  After site visit and other wise checking
  feasibility of site we need to have the site
  allotted in our favour and then place orders for
  Civil Work/ Equipments etc. Some of the states
  which have high potential are HP, Punjab,
  Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh etc.

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Subsidy

• Different States have different tariff rates and
  influence our decision. Uttaranchal has high
  potential but low tariff making it unviable from
  commercial venture point of view.
• Average PLF of canal based small hydro is 30-35
  while that of run on river is 60-65.
• Govt. is also giving subsidy on small hydro
  projects it starts at Rs.1 Cr. MW and can go up
  to Rs. 15 Cr. for 25MW project.

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Bio Fuels / Bio Energy

• Bio fuel whose characteristics can be made more
  or less to resemble diesel with
  trans-esterification, is a promising alternate
  fuel. Large scale plantation of Jatropha Oil seed
  producing plants is being taken up on barren
  Land. Although current estimated yeild in only 1
  MT / hectare it has added advantage of
  additional employment generator.

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Bio fuel contd.

• Bio fuels are being tried out in modified Primus
  Stoves, Petromax lamps and diesel engines. Brazil
  has developed and improved cultivation and
  processing of Bio fuels and India is currently
  importing approx USD 110 Million worth of Bio
  Fuel from Brazil.

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Bio Mass to energy

• Use of agricultural waste, biomass, waste wood
  for development of Bio energy is also gaining
  popularity.
• Bio energy will be developed further by
  technology development and energy crop
  plantations.
• Most of the sugar Mills are already installing
  Bagasse based cogeneration power plants and also
  availing Carbon Credits.

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New Opportunities

• We can plan additional Wind Mills in state of
  Gujrat that can take care of current year Income
  tax liability.
• We can have solar installations in each of our
  owned manufacturing locations to take care of our
  captive lighting requirements.
• We can undertake projects relating small hydro
  and recognize Green power as independent line of
  Business.
• We can explore collaboration opportunities for
  entry into cultivation, processing and marketing
  of Bio Fuels. Some of the states are offering
  Lands at very cheap rates for this purpose.

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• Thank you