Awareness-Level Lesson 2B Presentation

1
Awareness-Level Lesson 2B Presentation

• Hazardous Materials for First Responders, 3rd
  Ed.

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What Types of Hazardous Materials Are Present?

• What written resources can give first responders
  information about hazardous materials?
• How do I use the ERG?
• This lesson will help answer these questions and
  aid you in determining the type of hazardous
  material present and appropriate actions to take.

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Sources for Names of Haz Mat in Facilities

• MSDSs
• Inventory records and other facility documents
• Signs, markings, container shapes, and other
  labels

4
Sources for Names of Haz Mat at Transportation
Incidents

• ERG
• Shipping papers

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Shipping Paper Information

• Shippers name and address
• Receivers name and address
• Proper shipping name of material(s)
• Hazard class of material(s)
• UN/NA identification number
• Packing group
• Gross weight or volume of material(s) shipped

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Shipping Paper Information

• First-listed order of the materials on the
  shipping papers
• X placed before the shipping name in the column
  captioned HM for hazardous material (X may be
  replaced by RQ when the material is considered
  a reportable quantity)
• Emergency response telephone number

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Shipping Paper Entries Indicating Hazardous
Materials

• Proper shipping name of material(s)
• Hazard class/division of material(s)
• UN/NA identification number
• Packing group
• X placed before the shipping name in the column
  captioned HM for hazardous material (X may be
  replaced by RQ when the material is considered
  a reportable quantity)

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Shipping Paper Identification

• Air transport
• Shipping paper name Air bill
• Location of shipping paper Cockpit
• Responsible party Pilot
• Highway transport
• Shipping paper name Bill of lading
• Location of shipping paper Vehicle cab
• Responsible party Driver

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Shipping Paper Identification

• Rail transport
• Shipping paper name Waybill/consist
• Location of shipping paper Engine or caboose
• Responsible party Conductor
• Water transport
• Shipping paper name Dangerous cargo manifest
• Location of shipping paper Bridge or pilothouse
• Responsible party Captain or master

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Where to Find an MSDS

• Manufacturer of the material
• Supplier
• Shipper
• Emergency response center
• Facilitys hazard communication plan
• Shipping papers and containers

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U.S. MSDS Information

• Top Chemical Identity
• Section I Manufacturers ID and Information
• Section II Hazardous Ingredients
• Section III Physical and Chemical
  Characteristics
• Section IV Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
• Section V Reactivity (Instability) Data

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U.S. MSDS Information

• Section VI Health Hazard Data
• Section VII Precautions for Safe Handling and
  Use
• Section VIII Control Measures

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MSDS Entries Indicating Hazardous Materials

• Hazardous ingredients
• Fire and explosion hazard data
• Reactivity data
• Health hazard data
• Precautions for safe handling and use
• Control measures

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Canadian MSDS Information

• Section 1 Hazardous ingredients
• Section 2 Preparation information
• Section 3 Product information
• Section 4 Physical data
• Section 5 Fire or explosion hazard
• Section 6 Reactivity data

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Canadian MSDS Information

• Section 7 Toxicological properties
• Section 8 Preventative measures
• Section 9 First aid measures

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Emergency Response Guidebook

• The Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) is
  primarily for use at a dangerous goods/hazardous
  materials incident occurring on a highway or
  railroad.
• Explosives are not listed individually but appear
  under the general heading Explosives on the first
  page of the ID Number Index and alphabetically in
  the Name of Material index.

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Emergency Response Guidebook

• The letter P following the Guide number in the
  yellow-bordered and blue-bordered pages
  identifies those materials that present a
  polymerization hazard under certain conditions.
• First responders should be familiar with the ERG
  before using it in an emergency!

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ERG ID Number Index (Yellow-Bordered Pages)

• Index hazardous materials in numerical order of
  their 4-digit ID numbers
• Follow ID number with materials assigned ERG
  Guide number followed by the materials name
• Highlight substances that release toxic
  inhalation hazard (TIH) gases

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Using the ID Number Index

• Example questions
• What material has the ID number 1090?
• Is this material a TIH?
• What guide page should be consulted?

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Using the ID Number Index

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ERG Material Name Index (Blue-Bordered Pages)

• Alphabetically index hazardous materials by name
• Follow the materials name with the ERG Guide
  number and the materials 4-digit ID number
• Highlight substances that release toxic
  inhalation hazard (TIH) gases

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Using the Material Name Index

• Example questions
• What guide page would be used for Sulphuric
  (Sulfuric) acid?
• Is this material a TIH?

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Using the Material Name Index

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Initial Action Guides (Orange-Bordered Pages)

• Provide safety recommendations and general hazard
  information
• Present each guide in a two-page format
• Potential hazards section
• Public safety section
• Emergency response section

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Initial Action Guides (Orange-Bordered Pages)

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Initial Action Guides Potential Hazards
Section

• Describes potential fire and explosion hazards
  and health effects upon exposure
• Lists highest potential first
• Should be consulted first, allowing first
  responders to make decisions regarding the
  protection of the emergency response team as well
  as the surrounding population

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Initial Action Guides Public Safety Section

• Provides directions for taking immediate public
  safety and incident isolation measures
• Describes type of protective clothing and
  respiratory protection that should be worn
• Lists preliminary fire and spill evacuation
  distances for small and large spills and fire
  situations

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Using the Initial Action Guides Public Safety
Section

• Example question
• What protective clothing should be used for
  nitrogen trioxide?

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Using the Initial Action Guides Public Safety
Section

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Initial Action Guides Emergency Response
Section

• Covers emergency response actions for fires and
  spills and leaks
• Outlines special precautions for incidents that
  involve fire, spill, or chemical exposure
• Indexes materials in groups that possess similar
  chemical and toxicological characteristics

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Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action
Distances (Green-Bordered Pages)

• List TIH materials by ID number in Table of
  Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances
• Include water-reactive materials that produce
  toxic gases in Table of Water-Reactive TIH
  Materials

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Using the Table of Initial Isolation and
Protective Action Distances

• Example questions Assume you are responding to a
  small spill involving a material with ID No.
  1953, liquefied gas, flammable, poisonous, not
  otherwise specified (n.o.s.) (Inhalation Hazard
  Zone B).
• What is the initial isolation distance?
• What distance should persons downwind be
  protected during the day?

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Using the Table of Initial Isolation and
Protective Action Distances

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Methods for Determining the ERG Page for a
Hazardous Material

• Using the numerical index for UN/NA ID numbers
• Using the alphabetical index for chemical names
• Using the Table of Placards and Initial Response
  Guides

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General Types of Hazards Found on Each Guide Page

• Fire and explosion hazard
• Health hazard

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Small Spills vs. Large Spills

• Small spill A spill that involves a single,
  small package (such as a drum containing up to
  approximately 53 gallons 200 L, a small
  cylinder, or a small leak from a large package
• Large spill A spill that involves a spill from
  a large package, or multiple spills from many
  small packages

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Initial Isolation Distance

• Distance within which all persons are considered
  for evacuation in all directions from the actual
  spill/leak source

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Protective Action Distance

• A downwind distance from a spill/leak source
  within which protective actions should be
  implemented (steps taken to preserve the health
  and safety of emergency responders and the public)

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Inventory Records and Facility Documents

• Chemical Inventory Lists (CILs)
• Hazard Communication Standard requires U.S.
  employers to maintain CILs
• Contain information about locations of materials
  within a facility
• Useful in identifying containers that have been
  damaged or missing labels or markings

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Inventory Records and Facility Documents

• Other documents and records
• Shipping and receiving documents
• Inventory records
• Risk management and hazardous communication plans
• Chemical inventory reports

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Limitations of Using Senses to Detect Hazardous
Materials

• All but vision require close contact with
  hazardous material in order to hear, smell,
  taste, or feel it.
• Deliberately using the human senses to detect the
  presence of hazardous materials is both
  unreliable and unsafe.

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• WARNING
• Deliberately using the human senses to detect
  the presence of hazardous materials is both
  unreliable and unsafe. It could kill you!
  

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Equipment That May Indicate Hazardous Materials
Presence

• Loading/unloading facilities
• Forklifts
• Dollies and hand trucks
• Booms
• A-frames

• Ramps
• Assorted riggings
• Loading docks
• Fume hood vents or chemical exhaust stacks
• Spray rigs

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Visible Physical Actions or Chemical Reactions
Indicating Haz Mat

• Spreading vapor cloud or smoke
• Unusual colored smoke
• Flames
• Melting gloves
• Changes in vegetation
• Container deterioration

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Visible Physical Actions or Chemical Reactions
Indicating Haz Mat

• Bulging containers
• Dead or dying birds, animals, insects, or fish
• Discoloration of valves or piping
• Sick humans

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Difficulties in Determining Names of Hazardous
Materials

• Fires or explosions can destroy shipping papers,
  labels, and other markings
• Shipments may contain mixed loads
• Shipments may contain quantities of materials so
  small that placards are not required
• Facilities may not be in compliance with
  regulations requiring MSDSs

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Difficulties in Determining Names of Hazardous
Materials

• Mistakes can be made in labeling and placarding
• Responders may be unable to get close enough to
  the material or container to make an accurate
  identification

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Summary

• Written resources are an important tool in
  helping first responders identify hazardous
  materials. Important written resources include
  MSDSs, shipping papers, the ERG, as well as other
  inventory records, facility documents, signs,
  markings, container shapes, and labels.
• First responders should know where to find
  written resources identifying hazardous materials
  in both fixed facility and transportation
  incidents.

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Summary

• The ERG is a primary guide to aid first
  responders in identifying hazardous materials.
  First responders should be familiar with and know
  how to use the ERG before an incident.
• The presence of hazardous materials may also be
  indicated by equipment or by visible physical
  actions or chemical reactions.

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Awareness-Level Lesson 2B Presentation

• Hazardous Materials for First Responders, 3rd
  Ed.