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HENRY VIII

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HENRY VIII Tereza Vod ansk Henry VIII (1491 1547) King of England, King of Ireland, Prince of Wales born as the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: HENRY VIII


1
HENRY VIII
  • Tereza Vodnanská

2
Henry VIII (1491 1547)King of England, King of
Ireland, Prince of Wales
  • born as the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth
    of York
  • had 6 siblings only 3 survived infancy the
    successor should have been Arthur, not Henry
  • he was the second monarch of the House of Tudor
  • famous for having been married six times
  • King 1509 - 1547

3
Youth
  • was given a first-rate education from leading
    tutors, becoming fluent in Latin, French, and
    Spanish
  • is known to have been an avid gambler and dice
    player
  • excelled at sports, especially jousting, hunting,
    and real tennis
  • was also an accomplished musician, player of many
    instruments, author, and poet

4
18 years old Henry VIII
5
Catherine of Aragon
  • Prince Arhturs widow
  • Youngest child of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and
    Queen Isabella I of Castile
  • problems with this marriage because of Pope
  • wedding on 11 June 1509, and on 24 June 1509, the
    two were crowned, at Westminster Abbey

6
Coronation of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
7
  • Catherine couldnt produce the desired male heir
    of the throne
  • daughter Mary
  • Henry became attracted to a young courtier of
    Queen Anne Boleyn
  • Cardinal Thomas Wolsey was ordered to start
    proceedings with Rome and Pope Henry wanted to
    annul the marriage with Catherine
  • Henry wasnt successful

8
Thomas Cromwell and Thomas Cranmer
  • young clerics
  • they appeared after some time in the court and
    they supported the King
  • Cranmer was at first rewarded with a position as
    ambassador to the imperial court, then he became
    the Archbishop of Canterbury
  • Cromwell earned a position of chief adviser to
    the king a proposal that Henry should declare
    himself the head of the Church in England
  • Cranmer declare the marriage with Catherine
    invalid and Henrys new one with Anne Boleyn
    valid

9
Thomas Cranmer
Thomas Cromwell
10
Anne Boleyn
  • crowned as Queen on 1 June 1533
  • she gave birth to a daughter Elizabeth, but not
    to a male heir
  • she was arrested on charges of using witchcraft,
    having relationships with other men and of incest
    with her brother George Boleyn
  • 1536 - with her brother she was beheaded

11
  • 1533 Henry was excomunicated from the Roman
    Church
  • 1534 Act of Supremacy - which declared that the
    King was "the only Supreme Head in Earth of the
    Church of England".
  • Parliament passed many other acts e.g. Act of
    Succession (Mary couldnt became the Queen)
  • 1535 Laws in Wales Act - which legally annexed
    Wales, uniting England and Wales into one unified
    nation use of English in official proceedings in
    Wales

12
Jane Seymour
  • Henry became engaged to her one day after Anne's
    execution in 1536 , and 10 days later married her
  • she was one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting to
    whom the King had been showing favour for some
    time
  • 1537 - she gave Henry a son, Prince Edward
    (future Edward VI), but in the same year Jane
    died
  • according to Henry she was the only true wife

13
Anne Cleves
  • suggested by Cromwell
  • painted by Hans Holbein the Younger and the
    portrait sent to the King
  • sister of the Protestant Duke of Cleves
  • January 1540 wedding
  • Henry found her unattractive, the marriage was
    annuled
  • called "The King's Sister"

14
Catherine Howard
  • wedding in July 1540
  • from powerful Catholic family
  • very young but the King was delighted with her
  • T. Cranmer tried to keep evidence of Queen
    Catherine's activities
  • Catherine's marriage was annulled shortly before
    her execution
  • Catherine was executed on 13 February 1542 - she
    was only about eighteen years old at the time

15
Catherine Parr
  • a wealthy widow, the last wife
  • 1543 wedding
  • she argued with Henry about religion (she was
    radical, Henry conservative)
  • she helped Henry with his two daughters (1544
    The Act of Parliament put them back in the line
    of succession after Edward)
  • she survived thanks to her submissiveness

16
All six wives
Jane Seymour - died
Catherine of Aragon - divorced
Anne Boleyn - beheaded
Anne Cleves - divorced
Catherine Parr - survived
Catherine Howard - beheaded
17
The English Reformation
  • the process by which the Primacy of the Roman
    Pontiff in England was eliminated and replaced
    with Royal Supremacy and the institution of a
    Church of England outside of the Roman Catholic
    Church and under the power of the Supreme
    Governance of the English monarch
  • the English Reformation was more of a political
    than a theological dispute
  • the breakup between Rome and England started in
    the reign of Henry VIII and is therefore
    sometimes called the Henrician Reformation
  • Henry didnt really establish new ideas about
    religion, he just wanted Englands church
    independent
  • this gave Englands church its own power and
    influenced other states to establish their own
    churches.

18
Culture
  • Henry was a Renaissance man - his court was a
    centre of scholarly and artistic innovation
  • The discovery of America or "The New World" set
    the stage for Henry's innovative attitude - Henry
    was among the first European rulers to learn
    about the true geography of the world, a
    revolutionary discovery
  • This discovery developed an atmosphere of
    exploration and discovery in the arts and
    sciences of which Henry took full advantage in
    his court and daily life
  • Henry is traditionally called one of the founders
    of the Royal Navy - his favourite ship was Mary
    Rose
  • Henry personally wrote letters mainly to Anne
    Boleyn and Thomas Wolsey, also some books and
    songs
  • His character inspired many artists e.g. later
    painters, W. Shakespeare

19
Mary Rose
20
The end of life
  • Later in life, Henry was grossly overweight, with
    a waist measurement of 54 inches (137 cm)
  • possibly suffered from gout (dna)
  • The well known theory that he suffered from
    syphilis was first promoted approximately 100
    years after his death
  • But also he gradually became ulcerated (pokrytý
    vredy)
  • He died on 28 January 1547 at the Palace of
    Whitehall (he died on what would have been his
    father's 90th birthday)
  • Henry VIII was buried in St George's Chapel in
    Windsor Castle, next to his wife Jane Seymour
  • His successor was at first Edward VI, the first
    Protestant monarch in England

21
Henrys children
22
Family
23
Passing the throne to Edward VI
24
(No Transcript)
25
Thank you for your attention
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