Chemistry PowerPoint

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Chemistry PowerPoint

• Written, designed, and published by Nick Long

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Ph

• Ph stands for the potential of hydrogen. It is
  used to measure the acidity or basicity of a
  solution. The scale ranges from 0 to 14 where 0
  is extremely acidic and 14 is extremely basic, 7
  is neutral.

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Acids

• 0-6.9 on the ph scale is acidic.
• Acids are used for many things including removing
  rusts from metals and acting as an electrolyte
  in wet cell batteries, like sulphuric acid in a
  car battery. They taste sour and can conduct
  electricity. There are also superacids that are
  20 quintillion times stronger than sulpheric
  acid.
• according to wikipedia

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Bases

• 7.1- 14 on the ph scale is basic.
• Bases are used in soaps, toothpastes, and
  cleaners such as bleach. They have a bitter
  taste and are slippery. Like superacids there
  are also superbases, bases that are several
  millions of times stronger than the strongest
  bases.

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The Atom

• The atom is the smallest unit of a substance that
  still has the properties of that substance. In
  the periodic table of elements (see slide 14)
  each element has an atomic number, which is based
  off of the number of protons in that elements
  atom. The number of electrons can vary and make
  the atom an ion by giving it a positive or
  negative charge, while adding more neutrons can
  make the element into an isotope, a slightly
  different version of that element.

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Subatomic Particles and Beyond

• The three most commonly referenced subatomic
  particles are the proton, neutron, and electron.
  In combination they make up the atom. The
  electron has a negative charge but extremely
  little mass. The neutron and proton are nearly
  identical except the proton is slightly heavier
  and has a positive charge. These two particles
  are made up of still smaller particles called
  quarks.

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Molecules

• Molecules are combinations of two or more atoms.
  Water, for example is written H2O. This means
  two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. In this
  molecule the atoms are held together in a bond
  made by shared electrons, but in other molecules
  the atoms are held together in an ionic bond, a
  bond formed by the attraction of two ions, like
  in NaCl, table salt, where the sodium steals an
  electron and makes both atoms ions, therefore
  forming an ionic bond.

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Density, Mass, and Volume

• Mass is the amount of matter in an object, it is
  measured in grams and while weight isnt constant
  everywhere in the universe mass is. Volume is
  the amount of space that an object takes up,
  solids and Bose- Einstein condensates have a
  definite volume but gasses, plasmas, and liquids
  do not. The density of an object or substance
  can be found by dividing the mass by the volume.
  The density of a material is the measure of how
  much mass is in a specific unit of volume.

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Physical Properties

• A physical property is a property in something
  that can be found without changing the chemical
  composition of the substance, such as
  malleability, hardness, texture, etc..

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Chemical Properties

• A chemical property is a property that can be
  observed or measured by changing the substances
  chemical make-up. An example of a chemical
  change is the combination of hydrogen and oxygen
  to make water, or sodium and chlorine to make
  table salt. Signs of a chemical change are heat,
  new color, change in state, etc..

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Chemical Reactions

• Three examples of chemical reactions are
  oxidation, combustion, and decomposition.
  Oxidation reactions are reactions like a rusting
  penny or a rusting iron nail. Combustion is the
  burning of a chemical, like fireworks.
  Decomposition is the breaking down of a complex
  substance into its simpler parts, like
  decomposing leaves.

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The Law of the Conservation of Energy and Mass

• The law of conservation of energy and mass states
  that matter and energy in the universe is always
  the same, matter and energy cannot be created nor
  destroyed, but rather just changes form, it
  could go from a solid to a gas, plasma, liquid or
  bose-einstein condensate

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Periodic Table

• The periodic table was originally made by
  Mendeleev, a Russian scientist. The table is
  arranged by the numbers of protons in the nucleus
  of the atom, the most reactive substances on the
  left with the noble gasses on the right along
  with the least reactive substances. It is also
  arranged in families in the columns.

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Periodic Table
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Energy

• Energy comes in many different forms including
  kinetic, radiation, heat, and electrical currents
  or electricity. Potential energy is the energy
  that an object has because of its position, like
  a ball that is sitting on the top of a hill.

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Electromagnetism

• Electromagnetism is the combined forces of
  electricity and magnetism. They are combined
  because an electrical current creates a magnetic
  field, while a wire moved through a magnetic
  field creates a electrical current. Some
  elements can conduct electricity with little
  resistance, creating a large magnetic field with
  little electricity.

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!!!!!!!!THE END!!!!!!!!

• I hope that you enjoyed my presentation!