Body Systems II

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Body Systems II Neurologic Examination - Reflex
testing and lesion localisation
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Lesion Site A - H Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes

3 video case examples
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Abnormal cranial nerve function
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Reflex testing
0 absent 1 hyporeflexia 2 normal 3
hyperreflexia 4 hyperreflexia clonus
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Abnormal limb function
weakness
ataxia
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
A Brainstem
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
A Brainstem Abnormal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
A Brainstem Abnormal Depressed or Absent
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
A Brainstem Abnormal Depressed or Absent Abnormal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
A Brainstem Abnormal Depressed or Absent Abnormal Normal to Clonic
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
A Brainstem Abnormal Depressed or Absent Abnormal Normal to Clonic Abnormal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
A Brainstem Abnormal Depressed or Absent Abnormal Normal to Clonic Abnormal Normal to Clonic
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
B Peripheral Cranial Nerves
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
B Peripheral Cranial Nerves Abnormal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
B Peripheral Cranial Nerves Abnormal Depressed or Absent
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
B Peripheral Cranial Nerves Abnormal Depressed or Absent Normal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
B Peripheral Cranial Nerves Abnormal Depressed or Absent Normal Normal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
B Peripheral Cranial Nerves Abnormal Depressed or Absent Normal Normal Normal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
B Peripheral Cranial Nerves Abnormal Depressed or Absent Normal Normal Normal Normal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
C C1-C6
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
C C1-C6 Normal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
C C1-C6 Normal Normal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
C C1-C6 Normal Normal Abormal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
C C1-C6 Normal Normal Abormal Normal to Clonic
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
C C1-C6 Normal Normal Abormal Normal to Clonic Abormal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
C C1-C6 Normal Normal Abormal Normal to Clonic Abormal Normal to Clonic
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
D C7-T2
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
D C7-T2 Normal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
D C7-T2 Normal Normal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
D C7-T2 Normal Normal Abormal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
D C7-T2 Normal Normal Abormal Depressed or Absent
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
D C7-T2 Normal Normal Abormal Depressed or Absent Abormal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
D C7-T2 Normal Normal Abormal Depressed or Absent Abormal Normal to Clonic
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
E T3-L2
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
E T3-L2 Normal Normal Normal Normal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
E T3-L2 Normal Normal Normal Normal Abormal Normal to Clonic
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
F L3-S3
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
F L3-S3 Normal Normal Normal Normal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
F L3-S3 Normal Normal Normal Normal Abormal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
F L3-S3 Normal Normal Normal Normal Abormal Depressed or Absent
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
H Diffuse LMN
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
H Diffuse LMN Abormal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
H Diffuse LMN Abormal Depressed or Absent
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
H Diffuse LMN Abormal Depressed or Absent Abormal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
H Diffuse LMN Abormal Depressed or Absent Abormal Depressed or Absent
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
H Diffuse LMN Abormal Depressed or Absent Abormal Depressed or Absent Abormal
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Lesion Site Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
H Diffuse LMN Abormal Depressed or Absent Abormal Depressed or Absent Abormal Depressed or Absent
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Case 1 3 week old lamb
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Case 1 Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
3 week old lamb
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Case 1 Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
3 week old lamb Normal Normal
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Case 1 Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
3 week old lamb Normal Normal Normal Normal
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Case 1 Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
3 week old lamb Normal Normal Normal Normal Abormal
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Case 1 Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
3 week old lamb Normal Normal Normal Normal Abormal Hyper with clonus
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Case 1 Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
3 week old lamb Normal Normal Normal Normal Abormal Hyper with clonus
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Case 1 3 week old lamb

• bright alert
• normal forelimbs
• paraplegic
• hyperactive HL reflexes
• dribbling urine

Lesion at T3 L3 T12 vertebral abscess
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Case 2 8 YEAR OLD MARE
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Case 2 Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
8 year old mare
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Case 2 Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
8 year old mare Abnormal Depressed or Absent
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Case 2 Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
8 year old mare Abnormal Depressed or Absent Normal Normal Normal Normal
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Case 2 Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
8 year old mare Abnormal Depressed or Absent Normal Normal Normal Normal
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Case 2 8 YEAR OLD MARE

• bright alert
• paralysed left face
• no left facial reflexes
• additional vestibular signs CNVIII

Trauma to left Facial nerve in guttural
pouch Mare doing well
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Case 3 8 yo GS Bitch
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Case 3 Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
8 year old GS bitch
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Case 3 Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
8 year old GS bitch Abnormal Depressed
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Case 3 Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
8 year old GS bitch Abnormal Depressed Abnormal Depressed Abnormal Depressed
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Case 3 Cranial Nerve Function Cranial Nerve Reflexes Forelimb Function Forelimb Reflexes Hindlimb Function Hindlimb Reflexes
8 year old GS bitch Abnormal Depressed Abnormal Depressed Abnormal Depressed
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Case 3 8 yo GS Bitch

• tetraparetic weak in all 4 limbs
• poor reflexes in all limbs
• weak tongue
• good response to edrophonium
• anticholinesterase drug

acquired myasthenia gravis managed on oral
prednisolone
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Body Systems II Neurologic Examination - Reflex
testing and lesion localisation