9310041AChad

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Chapter 10

• 9310041A Chad
• 9310902A Albee
• 9310044A Nicole
• 9310015A Allen

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Use of periods with abbreviationsuse periods
with

• Initials of names (J. R. Smith)
• Abbreviation for united states as an adjective
  (U.S. Navy)
• Latin abbreviations (p.m., cf., e.g., i.e.)
• (cf. p. 41, You must avoid taking sweet foods,
  e.g. cake, chocolate, and ice cream.
• It weighs ten pounds, i.e. 4.5 kg.)
• Reference abbreviations (Vol. 4, 2nd ed.,
• p.7)

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Dont use periods with

• Abbreviations of state names (NY, CA,
• Washington,DC)
• Capital letter abbreviations and acronyms
• (IQ, EQ, APA)
• metric and nonmetric measurement abbreviations
  (cm, hr, kg, ml)
• There is one exception which is the
  abbreviation for inch (in.)

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Plurals of abbreviations

• To form the plural of most abbreviations,
• just need to add s without an apostrophe and
  not italicized (Eds., vols.)
• There is one exception that the plural of
  reference abbreviation p. (page) is pp, dont add
  s.

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Abbreviations beginning a sentence

• When abbreviations or acronyms begin a sentence,
  they must be capitalized.
• In the case of chemical compounds, capitalize the
  first letter of the word which is connected by
  the symbol.
• in text in beginning of
  sentence
• L-methionine L-Methionine
• N,N- dimethylurea N,N-Dimethylurea

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Organizing a manuscript with headings

• The function of headings is to reveal a
  manuscripts organization
• All equal important topics have the same level of
  heading throughout the manuscript
• Each section starts with the highest level of
  heading
• Use at least two subsection headings within a
  section, that is, dividing a section into at
  least two subsections.

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Method

• Sample and Procedures
• Measures
• Perceived control.
• Autonomy.
• Behavior and emotion.

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Results

• Initial Analysis
• Descriptive statistics.
• Interconstruct correlation.
• Motivational Profiles

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Discussion

• Limitations of the Study
• Implications for intervention
• Conclusions

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Levels of heading

• EXPERIMENT 1 AN INTERVIEW VALIDATION STUDY
• CENTERED UPPERCASE HEADING
• External Validation
• Centered Uppercase and Lowercase Heading
• Method
• Centered, Italicized, Uppercase and lowercase
  Heading
• Participants
• Flush Left, Italicized, Uppercase and lowercase
  Side heading
• Sleep-deprived group.
• Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph
  heading ending with a period.

Level 5
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
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• One level for a short articale
• centered uppercase and lowercase
• heading.
• Two levels
• Method
• Procedure
• If the subordinate to the Level 1 is short or
  many then we can indented, italicized lowercase
  paragraph heanding like level 4.

Level 1
Level 3
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• Three levels
• single-experiment
• Method
• Apparatus and Procedure
• Pretraining period.
• Multiexperiment study-
• Experiment 2
• Method
• Participants.

Level 1
Level 3
Level 4
Level 3
Level 4
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• Four levels applied in multiexperiment studies,
  monographs and literature reviews
• Experiment 2
• Method
• Stimulus Materials
• Auditory stimuli.
• Five levels
• Level 5 as control idea for all four levels.
• Centered uppercase heading above the other
  four levels.

Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
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seriation

• To list elements in a series to prevent
  misreading or to clarify the sequence or
  relationship between elements.
• Using letters in paragraph or sentence
• Using number at the start of each paragraph in
  series.

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• Within a paragraph or sentence-
• EX The participants three choices were (a)
  working with another participant, (b) working
  with a team, and (c) working alone.
• Ex We tested three groups (a) low scorers, who
  scored fewer than 20 points (b) moderate
  scorers, who scored between 20 and 50 points and
  (c) high scorers, who scored more than 50 points.

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• Elements of series have a compound sentence and
  have colon before items, capitalize the first
  word of the first item
• Ex The experiments on which we report were
  designed to address two such findings (a) Only a
  limited class of patterned stimuli, when paired
  with color, subsequently contingently elicit
  after-effects, and (b) decreasing the correlation
  between grid and color does not degrade the
  McCollough effect.

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Separate paragraphs in a series

• To list the items in conclusions or steps of
  procedure
• Identified by an arabic numeral followed by a
  period but no paratheses.
• 1. Individuals who paragraph continues.
• 2. Nondepressed persons exposed
• to paragraph continues.
• 3. Depressed person exposed to paragraph
• continues.
• 4. Depressed and nondepressed participants in
• the nonoise groups paragraph
  continues.
• ?each sentence should be syntactically and
  conceptually parallel to the other items

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3.42Numbers Expressed in Figure
Use figure to express

• All numbers 10 and above.
• EX

a 25 years young lady
the 50th anniversary
a 11th grade student
10 items in total
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b. All numbers below10 are need to grouped to
compared with numbers 10 and above. (appear in
the same paragraph.)

• Ex
• I have 3 children, they are 5 years old, 10
  years old and 25years old.
• 2 and 13 lines
• the 6th group and the 12th group
• the 1st items and 15th items of all 50 lists

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BUT

• THIS IS WRONG!!!!!
• EX
• 15 traits on each of four checklists.
• They can not compared, because they are different
  categories of items.

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c. Numbers that immediately precede a unit of
measurement.

• A 5-mg dose
• with 10.54 cm of

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d. Numbers that present statistical or
mathematical functionsmultiplied by 5fractional
decimal0.25 of thequantities 3times as
manypercentage more than 6 of all
ingredientsratioswater and oil 51percentiles
and quartiles the 1st quartiles the 5th
percentiles
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e. Numbers present time,date at 1100 oclock
19 March,1986ages4-year-oldssample,subsample
8ratspopulation sizethe world population hit
6.5 billion
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• specific numbers of subject participants in
• an experiment
• 5participants, three are girls 2are boys
• score and points on a scale
• Score 5 point on a 9-point scale
• exact sums of money
• Were paid 8 for each case
• numerals as numerals
• 0 v.s 6

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f. Numbers denotea specific place in a numbered
seriousline 8 in chapter 5part of book and
tablesection 3.43, page 1each number in a list
of four or more numbersanswer question1,3,5 and
8 with completely sentence
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Numbers Expressed in Words a. Numbers below 10
that do not represent precise measurements
and that are grouped for comparison with
numbers below 10. Ex five trails the
remaining seven trails b. The numbers zero and
one when the words would be easier to
comprehend than the figures or when the
words do not appear in context with numbers
10 and above. Ex one-way ticket
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c. Any numbers that begins a sentence, title,
or text heading. Ex Four patients improved,
and 4 patients did not
improve. d. Common fractions Ex one fifth of
the class two-thirds majority e. Universally
accepted usage Ex The Fourth of July
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A combination of figures and words increases the
clarity and readability of the construction. a.
Rounded large numbers. Ex almost 5 million
dollars b. Back-to-back modifiers. Ex the first
10 items the 1st 10 items
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However, in this situation, readability may
suffer instead of construction. Poor 1st two
items Better first two items Write out the
words first through ninth use numerals for 10th
and above.
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3 Q