European Influence in the Americas

1
European Influence in the Americas

• Colonies and Settlements

2
European Influence in the Americas

• Hernan Cortes Conquered the Aztecs in Mexico.
  He used better weapons and horses.
• Francisco Pizzaro Conquered the Incas in Peru
  by using better weapons and trickery to take
  lands and gold.

3
European Influence in the Americas

• These conquests put Spain in control of much of
  North and South America.
• However, this did not stop Portugal, England,
  France and the Netherlands (an emerging country)
  to start traveling to the Americas.

4
European Influence in the Americas

• Back in Europe
• Spain ruled the Netherlands but they rebelled
  from Spain in the late 1560s, England sided with
  the Netherlands and they won their freedom.
• Queen Elizabeth I allowed sea dogs to attack
  Spanish ships sailing from America.

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European Influence in the Americas

• Still back in Europe
• Spain sent the Armada to attack England, it
  failed. England won the battle.
• This defeat allowed other countries to sail to
  the Americas as Spains navy was very weak now.

6
European Influence in the Americas

• By the 1700s Spain, England and France
  controlled the majority of the land in the
  Americas.
• They treated the land and the natives very
  differently.

7
European Influence in the Americas

• Each country set up different kinds of colonies
  in America.
• A colony is a settlement in new territory that
  keeps close ties with its homeland.

8
European Influence in the Americas

• 3 Kinds of Colonies
• Trading Post Empire Traded all sorts of goods
  but mostly things that were around the trading
  post. (animal furs, lumber, fish, etc)

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European Influence in the Americas

• Plantation Colony Very large farms that
  specialized in one kind of plant, called a Cash
  Crop.
• Settler Colony People go to these colonies and
  live, governed by the home country. Taxes are
  usually very high for settlers.

10
European Influence in the Americas

• It is not uncommon for a country to have a
  variety of different colonies. For example,
  Spain and England had a mix of both Plantation
  and Settler Colonies. The government of these
  colonies was usually similar to that of their
  homelands.

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European Influence in the Americas

• Government in the Americas
• Spanish Govt. Viceroys, sent by the king were
  in charge of Spanish colonies.
• Spain gave large pieces of land to successful
  Conquistadors and encouraged them to use Native
  Americans as labor for their farms. Harsh
  treatment and disease killed a great deal of
  Native Americans and forced Spain to find other
  sources of labor.

12
European Influence in the Americas

• French Govt. Much looser than Spanish govt.
  Although, it declared that all must be Catholic.
  The French treated native Americans with much
  more respect and lived along side them.
• French landowners were responsible for bringing
  their own labor to America and received land
  based upon how many people they brought.

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European Influence in the Americas

• French Contd
• The people these landowners brought along were
  called tenant farmers. These people agreed to
  work the landowners land for a certain number of
  days each year.
• Coureurs de Bois runners of the woods were
  French colonists who traveled deep into Native
  American lands. Along with Catholic Missionaries,
  these people lived with Native Americans and
  treated them with respect.

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European Influence in the Americas

• English Govt.
• Charter Written permission by the king to set
  up a colony, with the understanding that the King
  will be paid.
• Northern Colonies Small family farms
• Southern Colonies Large plantation farms

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European Influence in the Americas

• Mayflower Compact An understanding by settlers
  that they will live by the laws of the colony
  government.

16
European Influence in the Americas

• The English fought constantly with Native
  Americans over lands that the Native Americans
  lived on but the English wanted.
• Representative Government Colonists voted for
  other colonists to be their voice in the
  government of the colony.

17
European Influence in the Americas

• In 1664 England defeated the Netherlands and
  took control of their colonies along the east
  coast of America. New York and New Jersey.
• England fought with France and defeated them as
  well, cementing the 13 colonies of America.