330-1453 AD

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The Byzantine Empire

• 330-1453 AD

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Rise of the Byzantine Empire

• Roman Emperor Constantine moves the capital from
  Rome to eastern city of Byzantium
• Western half of old Roman Empire falls into Dark
  Ages
• Eastern half of Roman Empire becomes Byzantine
  Empire

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The New Roman Empire

• Still thought of themselves as the Roman Empire
• Official language would switch from Latin to
  Greek
• Very rich and wealthy empire

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Geography of Constantinople

• Water on three sides
• Located on a strait connecting Black Sea and
  Mediterranean
• Key trading location between Europe, Africa, and
  Asia

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Byzantine Culture

• Cultural Tradition from Greeks
• Religion Based Culture
• Christianity center of Byzantine art, education,
  and life

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Theodosian Walls

• Kept Constantinople safe from Foreign Invasion
• Deterred Attila the Hun from ever entering City
• Walls kept city from falling for another 1000
  years after their construction

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Theodosian Walls

• Had three separate walls set up in layers to
  protect the city from invaders

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The Golden Age of Byzantine

• 527 AD Emperor Justinian takes power
• Not popular at start of his rule
• High taxes
• Cold, not very likeable

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Empress Theodora

• Former Actress and Prostitute
• Strong advocate for womans rights.

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Nika Riots of 532

• Blues vs Greens - factions
• Riots lead to arrests
• Justinian orders 1 green and 1 blue to death?
  escape and protest begin
• Hippodrome

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Nika Riots

• Rioters begin attacking Justinians palace for 5
  days and Senators whom had opposed Justinian
  began plotting with groups to unite and overthrow
  Justinian
• Nika Win
• Theodora convinced Justinian not to flee city
  during Nika Rebellion

Those who have worn the crown should never
survive its loss. Never will I see the day when I
am not saluted as empress." - Theodora
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The Plan

• Use force
• Have groups meet at Hippodrome
• Pay off Blues
• Kill Greens

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Golden Age Continued

• After Nika Rebellion Justinian starts
  Construction projects
• Rebuilds City Infrastructure
• Builds the Hagia Sophia

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The Hagia Sophia

• Outside

• Inside

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Expansion by Justinian

• Starts expansive military campaign
• Temporarily regained control over much of the old
  Roman Empire
• Would eventually be lost again over time

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Byzantine Empire under Justinian

• Control over these regions would not last long
  after Justinian's death

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Justinian Code

• Formal Code of law that Governed the Empire
• Legal code from Justinian era till end of the
  Empire
• A improved version of Roman Law

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Significance

• Justinians Code would become the basis for
  European law in the future

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Byzantine Religion

• Byzantine Empire brings drastic Change for
  Christianity
• Rome no longer important city to the Byzantine
  people and rulers
• Lack of Contact between Pope in Rome, and the
  papacy in the East
• Breakdown in authority over the church

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Byzantine Religion Continued

• Religion in East controlled by ruling emperor and
  Patriarch
• Patriarch a term for Lead Bishop in the East
• Byzantine Emperors and Patriarchs often conflict
  with Pope

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Icons

• Icons used by Christians in the east to aid in
  worship
• Controversy over use
• Some saw it as idle worship
• Leo III banned Icon use in 730AD

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Icon Controversy

• King Leo IIIs ban on Icon led to period of
  Iconoclasm (Icon smashing)
• Smash Icons to end improper worship
• Pope claimed a Emperor had no authority to deal
  in issues of the Christian church

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Emperors Response

• Claimed authority over religious decisions within
  his empire
• Byzantines viewed Emperor as decisive voice in
  Christian governance, and practice

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Great Schism

• Issues continue between papacy in east and west
  over issues such as
• Popes authority over all matters of Christianity
  
• Churchs right to tax the citizens of the
  Byzantine empire
• Priests right to get married
• Languages used in church services

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Great Schism

• 1054 AD the Christian Church Splits
• The patriarch and Pope excommunicate each other
• Papacy in east forms the Eastern Orthodox church
• Pope and western churches remain the Roman
  catholic church

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The two Churches

• Roman Catholic

• Eastern Orthodox

• Services Conducted in Latin
• Pope has authority over all bishops
• Pope has authority over all kings and emperors
• Priests can not marry

• Services Conducted in Greek
• Patriarch and other bishops head the church
• Emperor has authority over Patriarch
• Priests can marry

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Spread of EOC? Opening up trade with Russia

• Eastern Orthodox missionaries spread EOC to Slavs
  (Russians)
• St. Cyril and St. Methodius most successful
  missionaries

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Cyrillic Alphabet

• St. Cyril and St. Methodius Designed Cyrillic
  Alphabet
• Allowed Slavs to read bible in native language

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Cyrillic Alphabet

• Christianity now spread through Russian areas as
  the people could now read the Bible in their own
  language

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Byzantine and Roman Empires

• Byzantine Empire

• Roman Empire

• Capitol Constantinople
• Spoke Greek
• Education religion based
• Art emphasized holiness and spirituality
• Eastern Orthodox Christian
• Fixed

• Capitol Rome
• Spoke Latin
• Education science based
• Art emphasized beauty and physical appearance
• Roman Catholic
• Expansive

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Decline of the Byzantine Empire

• Black plague hit Empire during Emperor Justinian
  rein around 540 AD
• Killed large percentage of population
• From the Start of the Empire it was under
  constant attack
• Over time Empire lost more and more territory

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Empire Under Justinian
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Byzantine Empire At the End
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The Crusades

• 1204 AD the fourth crusade ends with Christians
  sacking the city of Constantinople
• Attacks from Islamic and Russian armies shrunk
  the empire
• Empire officially dies with the fall of
  Constantinople to the Turks in 1453

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Legacy of Byzantine Empire

• Preserved Culture of the Greeks and Romans
• Great Schism split Christianity into Roman
  Catholic and Eastern Orthodox

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Legacy Continued

• Justinians Code preserved Roman laws
• Be basis for creation of laws in future European
  countries
• Cyrillic Alphabet allowed for spread of Eastern
  Orthodox Christianity into Russia