Content

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????????????????????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????
• ??????????????
• ????????????????

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Content

• ??????????????? (An Overview of the Computer
  System)
• ????????????????????????
• 2.1 Hardware 2.2 Software
• 2.3 Peopleware 2.4 Data / Information
• 2.5 Procedure 2.6 Data Communication
• ????????????????????????
• ????????????????????

3
??????????????????????????????????? ( The
Multipurpose Tool )

• ???????????????????
• A computer is a machine for manipulating data
  according to a list of instructions.
• ????????????????? electronic ?????????????????????
  ??????????????? ????????????????????????????
  ??????? ???????????
• Speed
• Reliability
• Accurate
• Storage
• Communication

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(No Transcript)
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?????????????????????????????
Storage
Input
Output
Processing
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????????????????????????

• Hardware
• Software
• Peopleware
• Data / Information
• Procedure
• Data communication

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?????????????????? Hardware
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???????????????????????????????????

• ?????????? (Case)

????????????? Desktop
????????????? Tower
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???????????????????????????????????

• Monitor ???????? 2 ???????
• Cathode ray tube (CRT)
• Flat-panel display

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???????????????????????????????????

• ????? (Monitor)

???????? LCD
???????? CRT
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???????????????????????????????????

• ?????????????????????? (Keyboard)

????????????? PS/2
????????? PS/2 ??? USB
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???????????????????????????????????

• ?????? (Mouse)

????????? PS/2 ??? USB
?????????? USB
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???????????????????????????????????

• ???????????? (Printer)

??????????????? Dot Matrix
??????????????? Laser
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???????????????????????????????????

• Plotter ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????? ??????????????????????????????????????
  ???????

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???????????????????????????????????

• ????????????????? (UPS)

??????????????
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???????????????????????????????????

• ????? (Speaker)

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???????????????????????????????????
???????????

• ????????? PC video camera ????????????????????????
  ?
• ???????????? Video Conferencing
• PC video camera ??????????????????????????????????
  ????? Pixel (???) ????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????
• Video Card ?????????????????????????? VCR ????
  Camcorders ?????????????? PC ??????????????????

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???????????????????????????????????
???????????
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??????????????????????
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?????????????????????????????

• ??????????? (Mainboard)

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?????????????????????????????

• ????????????????? (CPU)

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?????????????????????????????

• ??????????????? (Main Memory)

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?????????????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????? (Hard Disk)

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Hard Disks
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?????????????????????????????

• ???????????????????? (Floppy Drive)

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?????????????????????????????

• ????????????????????????????????? CD (CD Drive)

?????????????????? - CD ROM - CD Writer - DVD
ROM - CD Combo - DVD Writer
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?????????????????????????????

• ?????????????????? (Sound Card)

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?????????????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????
• (Display Controller Card)

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?????????????????????????????

• ??????????????????? (Power Supply)

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?????????????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????
• (Internal Communication Device)

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?????????????????? Hardware

• ???????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ???????????????
• ??????????????
• ???????????
• ????????????????????

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Buses

• Buses are electronic paths that data travels
  around on a computer system.
• Internal buses move data around within the CPU.
• Expansion buses establish links with peripheral
  devices.
• ISA, PCI, AGP, USB, FireWire.

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Ports

• Connectors to which devices can be attached.
• Common ports

• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Monitor
• Modem
• MIDI
• IrDA
• Game

• Serial
• Parallel
• SCSI
• USB
• FireWire
• Network

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?????????????????????????????????
??????????????
Communication Devices
?????????????????
???????????
??????????????
Control Unit
ALU
???????????????
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????????????????? Processor

• ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????? Transistor ??????????
  0.25-0.13 ?????? ????? 10-30 ???????
• ????????????????? ????? CPU (Central Processing
  Unit) ) ???? Processors
• CPU ??????????
• ??????????? (Control Unit CU)
• ??????????/????? (Arithmetic Logic Unit ALU)
• ????????????????????????????????????????? (Chip)
  ??????????? ???????????????? (Microprocessor)

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????????????????? Processor

• ??? CPU ?????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????Chip Microprocessors ???
  ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
  1 ????? ????????????????? CPU 1 ?????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  "??????" (Hertz) ?????????????????????????? ?? 1
  ??????

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????????????????? Processor

• CPU ???????????????????????????????????????
  500-1000?????????????????? ?????????? CPU
  ??????????? CPU ????????????? ??????? 500-1000
  MHz
• ???? Intel Pentium IV 1 GHz ????????? CPU
  ????????? Intel ???? Pentium Four
  ??????????????????????? 1000 ??????????????????
  ???????

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?????????????????????????????????
??????????????
Communication Devices
?????????????????
???????????
??????????????
Control Unit
ALU
???????????????
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??????????????? Main Memory

• ???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????? ??????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????? CPU
  ??????????????????????????????????? Memory
  ????????
• ?????????????????????? Data ???? Program
  ???????????????????????????????????
• ???????????? Random Access Memory (RAM)

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??????????????? Main Memory

• ????????????? ?????????(???????) ?????????? ?? 3
  ????
• ROM (Read Only Memory) ??????????????????
  ????????? ??????????????????????????????????
• RAM (Random Access Memory) ???????????????
  ??????????????????????? ??????
  ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????? ??????????????
• Cache ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????

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????????????????? RAM

• 1 Byte 1 ???????? 8 Bit ???? 01000001A
• Kilobyte (KB) 1024 Bytes
• Megabyte (MB) 1024 Kilobytes
• Gigabyte (GB) 1024 Megabytes
• Terabyte (TB) 1024 Gigabytes

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?????????????????????????????????
??????????????
Communication Devices
?????????????????
???????????
??????????????
Control Unit
ALU
???????????????
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?????????????? Storage
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?????????????? Storage

• ??????? ????????????????????? (????????? Memory)
  ??????????????????????????????
• ????????????????? storage and memory
• ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ??
• ??????????????????????????????????????
  ????Storage 80 GB 80,000 MBMemory 256 MB
• ???????????????????Storage 80 GB 80,000 MB
  3000 ???, Memory 256 MB 1000 ???

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Memory VS Storage
???
???
???
1. Access Time 2. Capacity 3. Speed
4. Cost
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?????????????????????????????????
??????????????
Communication Devices
?????????????????
???????????
??????????????
Control Unit
ALU
???????????????
47
??????????????
48
?????????????????????????????????
??????????????
Communication Devices
?????????????????
???????????
??????????????
Control Unit
ALU
???????????????
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????????? ??????? Software

• ???????????????????????????? computer ?????
• ????????????? System Software
• ????????????????? Application Software

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????????? ??????? Software

• ??????? Software
• System Software (???????????)
• ???????????????????????? ???????
  ?????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ,??????????????????????????????? (Interface),
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  DOS, Windows 98 ???????
• Application Software (???????????????)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????? ???? ??????????? ??????
  (word processing software) ??????????????????????
  ??? (Database Management Software)

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???????????????????? Peopleware

• ???????? computer ????????????????? End User.
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ? ???????????????????? ???? ??????? ????
• ???????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???

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???????????????????? Peopleware

• ??????????????????????????
• ????????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????? ???

53
????????????????? Data

• Data/Information
• ??????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????? ????????????
• ????????????? ???? ????, ???????-????????????
  ???? ??????????
• ??????????????? ???? ???????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????
• ?????? ???? Data ??????? ???????????????????????
  ????
• ???????? ???? Information ???????
  ??????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????
• ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????

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Procedures

• ?????????????? ???? Procedures ???????????????????
  ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
  ???????
• ???????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????

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Data Communication

• ?????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
  ????????????????????????????

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???????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????

• Business
• Medicine and HealthCare
• Education
• Science
• Engineering
• Manufacturing

• Legal Practice
• Law Enforcement
• Government
• The Military
• Music
• Theater, Film, and Television
• Computer at Home

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Science-?????????????????????????????
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Science
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Engineering

• Computer-Aid Design (CAD)

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Theater, Film, and, Television

• Special Effects-????????????????????????? ????
  ??????? ???? ????????????? ???????

61
????????????????????

• Supercomputer
• Mainframe
• Minicomputer
• Microcomputer

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Super Computer

• ????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????? ???????
• ???????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????? ???? NASA,
  ???????????????,???????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  (???? Terminal) ??????????????????
• ?????????? 20 million

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Super Computer
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Main Frame

• ?????????????????????????? ????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????? ????
  ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????
  ?????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  (???? Terminal) ??????????????????
• ?????????? 300,000

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Mainframe
66
MiniComputer

• ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  Mainframe ??? PC Computer
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  PC
• ???? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  (???? Terminal) ???????????? 4,000 ???????
• Cost 5,000 to 150,000

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MiniComputer
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MicroComputer

• ?????????????????????????? ???????
  ??????????????????????? ?????????????
  ???????????????????
• ???????????? Personal Computer (PC)
• Microcomputer ?????????? IBM-PC
• Macintosh is a microcomputer made from Apple
  Computer
• ??????????????????????????????????????????? IBM
  ???????? IBM-Compatibles

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MicroComputer
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Desktop Model
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Notebook Computer
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Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
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?????