American Diplomacy

1
American Diplomacy

• At the Turn of the 20th Century

2
Isolation vs. Expansion

• Anti-Imperialists
• Disdain for European colonization
• Democracy over Monarchy
• Invulnerable -proximity
• Monroe Doctrine

• Imperialists
• TRADE! Markets of Asia Latin America
• Spread Christianity (Josiah Strong)
• Est. strategic military bases (Alfred Mahan)
• Monroe Doctrine

3
History

• Monroe Doctrine 1823
• U. S. support of W. Hemisphere nations
• Mexico 1860 - French protectorate Seward
  threatened intervention
• 1867 acquired Alaska Midway Island
• Widescale American investment presence in
  Hawaii, Cuba, Dominican Republic
• Acquisition of several islands in the Pacific

4
Emphasis on Strong Navy

• Small obsolete after Civil War
• Cpt. Alfred Thayer Mahan
• Rep. Henry Cabot Lodge
• Great White Fleet

5
Building a Pacific Empire

• 1840s -est. some trade privileges in China
• Ostend Manifesto (secret attempt to annex Cuba)
• 1858 - Comm. Perry opens Japan
• American sugar pineapple plantations in Hawaii
  (as well as Mormon missionaries)
• Attempts to depose Queen Lilioukalani

6
Major Events Issues

• Venezuelan Crisis
• Efforts to Annex Hawaii
• Cuban Revolution the Maine
• Spanish-American War (Philippine phase)
• Spanish-American War (invasion of Cuba)
• Annexation of the Philippines
• Imperialists Anti-Imperialists

7
Spanish American War (1898)

• The Splendid Little War
• Cuba
• Monroe Doctrine
• Most businesses in Cuba owned by Americans
• Cubans declared independence in 1895, suffered
  greatly in their fight
• Remember the Maine - U. S. S. Maine exploded
  in Havana Harbor, Feb. 15, 1898
• 260 sailors killed
• Public outrage fueled by yellow journalism
• President McKinley asked Congress for a war
  declaration on April, 11

8
Spanish American War (1898)

• Phase 1 Commodore Dewey attacked and defeated
  Spanish fleet in Manila (Philippines) May 1,
  1898. Captured the city on August 13,1898.
• Filipino uprising led by Emelio Aguinaldo
• Phase 2 Attack on Cuba Puerto Rico
• War ends Aug. 12, 1898

9
Results of Spanish American War

• Cuban independence (heavy U. S. influence)
• U. S. paid Spain 20 million for Philippines
• U. S. obtained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the
  Dominican Republic
• Only 400 U. S. soldiers died in combat
• United States established as a world military
  power
• Hawaii was annexed as a war measure.
• Debate over annexation of Philippines began

10
Annexation and new policies

• Anti-Imperialists vs. Imperialists
• Foraker Act Puerto Rico - limited govt.
• Insular Cases The Constitution does NOT follow
  the flag.
• Teller Amendment U. S. NEVER take over Cuba
• Platt Amendment (1901) Forced into Cubas
  Constitution U. S. could intervene, Cuba could
  not go heavily into debt, U. S. base (Guantanamo)