The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition

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The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition
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Unit XXIII Twentieth-Century Nationalism
The art of music above all other arts is the
expression of the soul of a nation. The composer
must love the tunes of his country and they must
become an integral part of him. Ralph
Vaughan Williams
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65. The European Tradition

• Traditional music approached scientifically
• Seeking authenticity

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National Schools

• French Les Six
• Satie
• Milhaud
• Honegger
• Tailleferre
• Poulenc
• Auric

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National Schools

• Russian
• Rachmaninoff
• Scriabin
• Shostakovich
• Prokofiev
• Khachaturian

Prokofiev Op 25, III
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National Schools

• English
• Elgar
• Delius
• Vaughan Williams
• Britten

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National Schools

• German Hindemith
• Orff
• Weill

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National Schools

• Hungarian Bartók
• Kodály

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National Schools

• Czech Janácek

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National Schools

• Nordic
• Sibelius

Sibelius Finlandia
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National Schools

• Spanish
• de Falla

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The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition
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68. Béla Bartók and the European Tradition

• Béla Bartók (1881-1945)
• Hungarian composer
• Hungarian music vs. music of Romany (Gypsies)
• Studied folklore
• Emigrated to the U.S. in 1940
• Leukemia
• ASCAP
• Died in New York City at 64

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Bartóks Music

• Logic and beauty of Classical form
• Musical language based on Eastern European
  traditional music
• New scales, polytonal harmonic language
• Tyrannical rule of the major and minor keys
• Rhythmic innovator, changing meters, syncopations

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Bartók Concerto for Orchestra (Listening Guide)

• Boston Symphony Orchestra
• Five movements
• I Introduction, sonata-allegro, pentatonic scale
• II Game of Pairs, pairs of winds
• III Elegia, nocturne
• IV Interrupted Intermezzo, theme from
  Shostakovichs Symphony No. 7
• V Sonata-allegro form

Listening Guide PDF
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The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition
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69. American Musical Traditions

• Popular music in late-nineteenth-century America
• Devotional music (spirituals and gospel hymns)
• White spirituals
• Shape-note system
• Parlor and minstrel songs of Stephen Foster
• Bandmaster John Philip Sousa
• Composer/businessman Charles Ives

Armies of men have turned to a better life by
first hearing the sounds of a Salvation Army
Band. The next time you hear a Salvation Army
Band, no matter how humble, take off your hat.
John Philip Sousa
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Popular Music in Late 19th-Century America

• Devotional music
• Shapte-note noation
• Stephen Foster
• Popular songs
• John Philip Sousa
• Band, dance and operetta music

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The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition
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70. Nationalism in the Americas

• Aaron Copland (19001990) American composer
• Paris, Nadia Boulanger
• Jazz idioms
• Neoclassicism and 12-tone composition
• Piano pieces, orchestral works, ballets, film
  scores

I no longer feel the need of seeking out
conscious Americanism. Because we live here and
work here, we can be certain that when our music
is mature it will also be American in quality.
Aaron
Copland
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Copland Billy the Kid (Listening Guide)

• William Bonney
• Ballet, later a concert suite
• Tunes of Wild West and Mexican dance (jarabe)

Listening Guide PDF
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70. Nationalism in the Americas Mexico

• Mexican culture draws on American Indian,
  Hispanic and African cultures
• Catholic Church powerful since 1519
• Mexican composers of note
• Manuel Ponce
• Carlos Chávez
• Silvestre Revueltas

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Silvestre Revueltas (18991940)

• Mexican composer
• Child prodigy (violin)
• Studies in Mexico and the U.S.
• Spanish Civil War (Loyalist)
• Returned to Mexico in 1937
• Died at age 40
• Music is colorful and folkloric
• Mexican provincial sound

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Silvestre Revueltas (18991940)
There is in me a particular interpretation of
nature. Everything is rhythm. My rhythms are
dynamic, sensual, vital I think in images that
meet in melodic lines, always moving
dynamically.
Silvestre Revueltas
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Revueltas Homenaje a Federico García Lorca
(Listening Guide)

• Chamber ensemble, small string section
• I Baile (Dance), a quick-paced, duple-meter
  dance
• II Duelo (Sorrow), based on a soulful
  emotional melody
• III Son (traditional dance), evocative of
  mariachi ensemble
• Rondo-like form, celebrates Lorcas life
  in dance

Listening Guide PDF
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Mexican Mariachi

• Origins in region of Jalisco
• Violins, guitar, guittarón, vihuela, trumpets,
  harps
• Son genre combines 3 cultures
• Indigenous
• European
• African

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Son jalisciense El Cihualteco (Listening Guide)

• Syncopated rhythms in melody and harmony
• Alternates sung sections with instrumental
• Violins and trumpets in parallel thirds
• Shifting accents from duple to triple
  (sesquialtera)

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