Phenomenology Research:

1
Phenomenology ResearchThe Lived Experience

• Phenomenology is a science whose purpose is to
  describe the appearance of things as a lived
  experience.
• It allows nursing to interpret the nature of
  consciousness in the world (Merleau-Ponty)
• It can be descriptive or interpretive
  (hermeneutic).
• It is a philosophy, an method, and an inductive
  logic strategy

2
Two Philosophical Differences

• Peripheral research, stays distant from the
  subjects, objectivity seeking, and knowledge is
  gained by overcoming all doubt. Use Bracketing
  (Husserl)
• Truth is not something we construct by distancing
  ourselves from those we want to study. Truth
  comes from our engagement with the world.
  Subjectivity is as important as objectivity.
  (Heideggerian)

3
Different Types of Phenomenology

• Phenomenology of Essences
• Experiment with relationships
• Coding by categories
• Using free imaginative variation
• Phenomenology of Appearances
• Focuses on phen. as it unfolds-takes shape
• Sense of dynamic adventure with the world
• Reductive Phenomenology
• Is a constant work of the self related to bias,
  etc
• Interpretive (Hermeneutic) Phenomenology
• To interpret the phenomena being observed

4
Design Characteristics

• Purposive samples of 7-20 usually going for
  saturation.
• Instrument is the researcher
• Data collection is by interview of groups or
  individual that are verbatim, taped, and field
  notes.
• Data collection is directly tied to analysis,
  that eventually is coded or structured into
  themes.

5
Five Steps of the Method

• Shared Experience is presented
• Transform the lived experience into an experience
  the subject would agree with
• Code the data
• Put it into written form and create confirmation
  of the data texts.
• Create a complete integration of all of these for
  a research document

6
The Rigor of Trustworthiness

• Trustworthy questions
• Trustworthy approach
• Trustworthy in analysis
• Trustworthy and authenticity of data

7
Other Research Rigors

• Descriptive Vividness
• Methodological Congruence
• Theoretical Connectedness
• Analytical Preciseness
• Heuristic Relevance

8
Unique Features of Phenomenology

• Most of the literature review is conducted at the
  end of the data collection. It is believed the CF
  biases the data collection and analysis.
• Like Grounded Theory but without a BSP or bias
  already in mind.
• It is conducted by gathering interview data from
  others.
• It is never quantitative, but some would prefer
  to try and keep it objective.