The 13 Colonies

1
The 13 Colonies

• 4th Grade Class

2
The New England Colonies

• Massachusetts (1620)
• Rhode Island (1636)
• Connecticut (1636)
• New Hampshire (1638)

3
Life in New England

• Most New Englanders were farmers
• They work small plots of land growing crops such
  as wheat, oats, and peas
• They grew only enough to feed their families
• Large farms were difficult so the New Englanders
  had to find another way to earn a living
• They specialized in fishing and ship building
• The coast had many good harbors
• Thick forest provided wood for building ships
• The harbors and forest helped develop a great
  shipbuilding industry

4
Fishing and Whaling

• The ocean water off the New England coast was
  full of fish
• Many colonists made their money by catching and
  selling fish
• Merchants sold most of their fish as exports to
  Europe
• The colonists also hunted whales
• The trading between the colonists were voluntary
  which means the trading helped everyone

5
Triangular Trade

• The products of the New England colonies were
  often traded to other places
• They shipped fish and lumber to Europe, Africa,
  and the West Indies
• They also brought in goods from these countries
  (Import)
• The trading between North America, Europe, and
  Africa formed an imaginary triangle across the
  Atlantic Ocean

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Triangular Trade
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Slavery

• Some traders in the triangular trade made money
  by selling human beings
• Many Africans died of disease or hunger along the
  way to North America
• Africans were sold to colonists and forced to
  work
• Slave trade was the business of buying and
  selling human beings

8
Home and Community Life

• New England families were large
• They lived in small wooden houses
• Most light came from candles and lamps with whale
  oil
• Many homes had one main room
• Families slept on mattresses near the fire to
  keep warm

9
Work in the House

• Almost everything a family needed had to be grown
  or made by hand at home
• Men and boys spent most of their time in the
  fields tending to the farms
• Women and girls spent their time preparing and
  preserving food for the winter
• Women and girls also made household items like
  clothing, soap, and candles

10
Education and Recreation

• Puritans wanted everyone to read the bible
• Some parents taught their children to read and
  write at home
• Many New England colonies had schools
• The families worked hard in the fields, but they
  also made time for play

11
The Great Awakening

• Religion was a central part of New England Life
• Many ministers began moving throughout the New
  England colonies to convince the colonists to
  renew their faith
• Many colonists joined the Protestant groups

12
The Middle Colonies

• New York (1626)
• Delaware (1638)
• New Jersey (1664)
• Pennsylvania (1682)

13
New York and New Jersey

• The middle colonies settlements began in 1664
• The King of England gave land to his brother
  James, Duke of York, to start a colony
• The Duke of York, was a proprietor, person who
  owns and controlled the land
• James Kept part of the land and gave the rest to
  two friends, John Berkeley and George Carteret
• They divided the land into East Jersey and West
  Jersey
• They combined the land in 1702 to form New Jersey

14
New York and New Jersey

• The proprietors of New York and New Jersey wanted
  to make money
• They divided the fertile land into smaller lots
  and sold them to colonists to farm
• They proprietors lived in England so it was
  difficult to control the property
• They picked governors to rule the colonies for
  them
• They also allowed the colonists to choose a
  representative to attend the assembly meetings to
  give voice to the colonies

15
Pennsylvania and Delaware

• William Penn decided to began the colony of
  Pennsylvania
• He was a member of the religious group, the
  Quakers
• The Quakers believed that all Christians should
  be free to worship in their own way
• King Charles II owed Penn money and repaid him
  with land which he used to begin the colony of
  Pennsylvania
• Penn created laws that allowed colonists to voice
  their opinions and worship freely

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Pennsylvania and Delaware

• The colonists were also allowed to elect a
  representative to the assembly
• Penn treated the Indians with respect
• Penn also made fair treaties with the Native
  Americans of the Delaware

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Philadelphia

• Philadelphia is Pennsylvanias first large city
• The city was located on the Delaware and
  Schuykill Rivers
• The rivers allowed ships to bring goods from
  other colonies and from Europe
• Philadelphia soon became a center of trade
• Benjamin Franklin was Philadelphias most famous
  citizen
• He published newspapers and books, started
  libraries fire companies, and hospitals, and
  developed many inventions

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Life in the Middle Colonies

• A Mix of People
• People in the Middle Colonies came from many
  lands
• Many were Quakers or Protestant churches, Jews
  and Catholics
• The population was diverse because of religious
  tolerance
• There was a large population because the land was
  inexpensive
• People came to the Middle Colonies to escape
  punishment for their religious beliefs, to farm
  their own land, to find a better way of lice

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Making a Living

• The climate and soil of the Middle Colonies were
  excellent for farming
• Men and women spent long hours in the fields
  farming
• Children helped out as soon as they were old
  enough
• Boys help plant and harvest and girls helped
  cook, sew, and do housework
• They grew vegetables, fruits, and grains (wheat,
  corn, and barley)
• They were known as the breadbasket of the
  thirteen colonies

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Making a Living

• Farming was so good in the Middle Colonies, that
  the families often had a surplus which they sold
  for a living
• They used the long rivers to ship their surplus
  to other colonies
• The Middle Colonies had a free market economy
  where the people decides what will be produced
• Colonists in the Middle Colonies were free to
  make decisions they believed would earn them the
  most money

21
City Life

• Philadelphia and New York were the two largest
  cities and most important cities in the Middle
  Colonies
• Both cities had ports and were the centers for
  shipping and trade
• Laborers found work in the cities
• Some of the laborers in the Middle Colonies were
  enslaved Africans
• Many people in the city became apprentices who
  studied with a master to learn a skill
• Many children in the Middle Colonies learned to
  read and write, but work was more important

22
The Southern Colonies

• Maryland (1632)
• Virginia (1607)
• North Carolina (1729)
• South Carolina (1663)
• Georgia (1732)

23
Virginia

• In 1607 Virginia became the first permanent
  English colony in North America
• A plantation is a large farm on which crops are
  raised by workers who live on the farm
• Most plantation workers were indentured servants
  or enslaved Africans
• Plantation owners became wealthy by growing cash
  crops (tobacco, rice, indigo)

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Governing the Colony

• As the colony of Virginia grew, the people wanted
  to have a voice in the laws of the colony
• In 1619, they created the first elected
  legislature, people with the power to make and
  change laws
• This legislature was called the House of Burgess
• Most members of the House of Burgess were members
  of the Church of England which became the
  official church.
• Other religions had to leave the colony

25
New Colonies in the South

• Between 1632 and 1732, four more colonies were
  established in the south

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Maryland

• The colony of Maryland began in 1632
• King Charles gave land to Cecilius Calvert, also
  known as Lord Baltimore
• Calvert wanted to make Maryland a refuse, safe
  place, for Catholics
• In 1649, Maryland passed a Tolerance Act which
  promised Christians free worship

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The Carolinas

• During the late 1600s, England, Spain, and
  France claimed land south of Virginia
• King Charles II wasted to start another colony on
  this land
• In 1663 King Charles began a colony south of
  Virginia called Carolina
• Colonists settled in the southern part of the
  Carolinas
• Farming was good and there were many harbors
• When the colony grew too large, it became two
  colonies in 1729 (North Carolina and South
  Carolina)

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Georgia

• In 1732 King George II started another colony to
  keep the Spanish and French away from South
  Carolina
• He gave the land to James Oglethorpe
• The colony was named Georgia to honor King George
• Oglethorpe wanted the land to be a place for poor
  people and debtors (who owed money)
• He offered them free trips to Georgia and small
  farms to own
• Oglethorpe made strict rules for this colony
• Colonists did not like the rules

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Georgia

• The laws were later changed
• Slaves were brought in to work the large farms
• Georgia became a wealthy plantation colony