Hazardous Materials Awareness

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Hazardous Materials Awareness
Welcome to
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ATTAINMENT STANDARD

• Without reference, determine the general
  principles of a First Responder at the Awareness
  Level with at least 80 accuracy.

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INTRODUCTION

• First Responders at the Awareness Level shall be
  trained to meet all competencies of NFPA 472
  Chapter 2 (1997 Edition).

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INTRODUCTION

• Shall receive additional training to meet
  applicable requirements of the
• U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA)

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DEFINITION

• Persons who, in the normal course of their
  duties, could be the first on scene of an
  emergency involving hazardous materials.
• Expected to recognize the presence of hazardous
  materials, protect themselves, call for trained
  personnel, and secure the area.

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GOAL

• The goal of the first responder working toward
  the awareness level shall be to obtain competency
  in the knowledge and skills necessary to perform
  the following tasks safely

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GOALANALYZE THE INCIDENT

• Determine the hazardous materials present and
  basic response information by completing the
  following tasks
• 1 Detect the presence of HazMats
• 2 Survey from a safe distance
• 3 Collect information from the North
  American Emergency Response Guidebook (NAERG)

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GOALIMPLEMENT ACTIONS

• Consistent with the Local Emergency Response Plan
  (LERP), the organizations Standard Operating
  Procedures (SOP), and the current edition of the
  NAERG by completing the following tasks
• 1 Initiate protective actions.
• 2 Initiate the notification process.

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ANALYZING THE INCIDENT

• Given various facility and/or transportation
  situations or both, with and without hazardous
  materials present, identify principles of
  analyzing a hazardous materials response at the
  awareness level with at least 80 accuracy.

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DEFINITIONS OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS DANGEROUS
GOODS

• Identify the definitions of hazardous
  materials (Dangerous Goods in Canada).

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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (DOT)

• Definition The U.S. Department of
  Transportation (DOT), a hazardous material is
  one that falls within 11 hazard classes some of
  those which have subcategories known as
  divisions.

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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (DOT)

• Additionally, DOT states that Hazardous
  materials pose an unreasonable risk to the health
  and safety of operating or emergency personnel,
  the public, and/or the environment if it is not
  properly controlled during handling, storage,
  manufacture, processing, packaging, use,
  disposal, or transportation.

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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (EPA)

• Definition Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
  term for chemicals that, if released into the
  environment above a certain amount, must be
  reported, and, depending on the threat to the
  environment, federal involvement in handling the
  incident can be authorized.

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EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (EPA)

• Definition EPA term for chemicals that must be
  reported to the appropriate authorities if
  released above the threshold reporting quantity.

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TOXIC CHEMICALS (EPA)

• Definition EPA term for chemicals whose total
  emissions or release must be reported annually by
  owners and operators of certain facilities that
  manufacture, process, or otherwise use a listed
  toxic chemical.

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HAZARDOUS WASTES (EPA)

• Definition EPA term for chemicals that are
  regulated under the Resource, Conservation, and
  Recovery Act.

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HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS (OSHA)

• Definition Occupational Safety Health Act
  (OSHA) term that denotes any chemical that would
  be a risk to employees if exposed in the work
  place.

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HIGHLY HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS

• Definition OSHA term that denotes any chemical
  that would posses toxic, reactive, flammable or
  explosive properties.

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DANGEROUS GOODS (Canada)

• Definition All hazardous materials are called
  dangerous goods in Canadian Transportation.

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DOT HAZARD CLASSES DIVISIONS

• Identify DOT Hazard classes and divisions of
  hazardous materials and identify common examples
  of materials in each hazard class or division.

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Primary Hazardsof DOT Classes Divisions

• Identify the primary hazards associated with each
  of the DOT hazard classes and divisions of
  hazardous materials by hazard class or division.

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Placards Labels

• Identify U.S. and Canadian placards and labels
  that indicate hazardous materials.

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Classes Divisions

• The DOT has classified hazardous materials
  according to their primary danger and assigned
  standardized symbols to identify the classes.

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CLASSES DIVISIONS

• Materials are grouped by their major hazardous
  characteristic and many materials will have other
  hazards as well.
• Example A material may be poisonous,
  corrosive, and flammable but will only be grouped
  with whichever is considered the worst.

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Class 1 (Explosives)

• Major Hazard Explosion
• Any substance or article, including a device,
  that is designed to function by explosion
  (i.e...... an extremely rapid release of gas and
  heat) or that, by chemical reaction with itself,
  is able to function by explosion.

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NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
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Divisions

• DOT has divided Class 1 hazards fall into 6
  divisions.

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NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
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Class 1.1

• Mass explosion that affects almost the entire
  load

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Class 1.2

• Projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard

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Class 1.3

• Fire hazard and either a minor blast or minor
  projection hazard

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Class 1.4

• Presents a minor explosion hazard

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Class 1.5

• Very insensitive explosives with mass explosion
  hazard

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Class 1.6

• Extremely insensitive explosives

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Class 2 - Compressed Gases

• Major Hazard BLEVE
• Sub Hazards
• Flammable
• Oxidizer
• Poisonous
• Nonflammable
• Divided into 3 divisions

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NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
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Class 2.1 Flammable Gases

• A material that is a gas at 68º F or less at
  14.7 psi or has a boiling point of 68º degrees or
  less at 14.7 psi.
• Ignitable at 14.7 psi in a mixture of 13 or less
  by volume with air
• Has a flammable range of at least 12 regardless
  of the lower limit.

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Class 2.2 Nonflammable, Nonpoisonous Gases

• Any material or mixture that exerts an absolute
  pressure of 41 psia at 68º F.
• Compressed gases, including liquefied gas,
  pressurized cryogenic gas, and compressed gas in
  solution.

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Class 2.3 Poisonous Gas

• Vaporize easily and very dangerous to life, even
  in small amounts.
• Known to be so toxic to humans as to pose a
  hazard to health during transportation.
• Presumed to be toxic because of laboratory
  testing.

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Hazard Zones Associatedwith Division 2.3

• Utilizes LC-50 (Lethal Concentration 50)
• Concentration of a material, expressed as parts
  per million which kills half of the lab animals
  in a given length of time.
• Significant in determining the toxicity of a
  material the lower the value, the more toxic the
  substance.

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2.4 Corrosive Gas (Canada)

• Gases which have a corrosive hazard
• (Canadian transportation only)

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Class 3 Flammable Liquids

• Major Hazard Burns readily
• Flammable and Combustible liquids

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Flammable Liquids

• Any liquid having a flash point (FP) of not more
  than 141 degrees F.
• Three divisions
• 3.1 - FP lt 0 degrees F
• 3.2 - FP 0 to lt 73 degrees F
• 3.3 - FP 73 to lt 141 degrees F

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Combustible Liquid

• Any liquid that does not meet the definition of
  any other hazard class and has a flash point
  above 141 degrees F and below 200 degrees F.
• NOTE A flammable liquid with a flash point at
  or above 100 degrees that does not meet the
  definition of any other hazard class except 9,
  may be reclassified as combustible.

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Class 4 (Flammable Solids)

• Major Hazard Rapid combustion with a liberation
  of mass quantities of smoke (toxic).
• Divided into 3 divisions
• 4.1 Flamable Solids
• 4.2 Spontaneously Combustible
• 4.3 Dangerous When Wet

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4.1 Flammable Solids

• Three types
• Wetted explosives
• Self-reactive materials
• Readily combustible solids

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Wetted Explosives

• Explosives wetted with sufficient water, alcohol,
  or a plasticizer to suppress explosive properties.

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Self-Reactive Materials

• Materials that are liable to undergo, at normal
  or elevated temperatures, a strongly exothermic
  decomposition.

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Readily Combustible Solids

• Solids that may cause a fire through friction and
  metal powders that can be ignited.

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4.2 Spontaneously Combustible Materials

• Pyrophoric Materials
• A liquid or solid that, even in small quantities
  and without an external ignition source, can
  ignite within 5 minutes after coming in contact
  with air.

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4.2 Spontaneously Combustible Materials

• Self-heating material
• A material that, when in contact with air and
  without an energy supply, is liable to self-heat.

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4.3 Dangerous When Wet Materials

• Material that, by contact with water is liable to
  become spontaneously flammable or to give off
  flammable or toxic gas at a rate of greater than
  1 l/kg of the material, per hour.

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Class 5 (Oxidizers)

• 2 Divisions
• Major Hazard 5.1
• Supports combustion and intensifies fire.
• Major Hazard 5.2
• Unstable/reactive explosives

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5.1 Oxidizers

• Materials that may, generally by yielding oxygen,
  cause or enhance the combustion of other
  materials.

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5.2 Organic Peroxides

• Any organic compound containing oxygen in the
  bivalent O-O structure that may be considered a
  derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or
  more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by
  organic radicals.
• Organic peroxides have been further broken down
  into types a-g(worst to least hazardous).

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Class 6 Poisons

• 2 Divisions
• NOTE Poisonous gases are Class 2 Division 3
• 6.1 Poisonous Material
• Major Hazard Toxicity
• 6.2 Infectious Substances
• Major Hazard Infectious

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6.1 Poisonous Materials

• A material, other than a gas, that is either
  known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a
  hazard to health during transportation, or in the
  absence of adequate data on human toxicity, is
  presumed to be toxic to humans, including
  irritating materials that cause irritation.

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6.2 Infectious Substances

• A viable microorganism, or its toxin, that causes
  disease in humans or animals.
• Infectious substance and etiologic agents are the
  same.
• No Placards (labels only)

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Class 7 Radioactive

• Major Hazard Radioactive poisonous burns
• Definition Materials having a specific activity
  greater than 0.002 microcurie per gram.

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Class 8 Corrosives

• Major Hazard burns/emulsification skin damage.
• Definition - A liquid or solid that causes
  visible or irreversible alterations in human skin
  tissue at the site of contact, or a liquid that
  has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum.

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Class 9 Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials

• A material that presents a hazard during
  transport, but that is not included in another
  hazard class

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Class 9

• Division 9.1 - Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods
  (Canada)
• Division 9.2 - Environmentally Hazardous
  Substances (Canada)
• Division 9.3 - Dangerous Wastes (Canada)

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Other Regulated Materials (ORM-D)

• A material that presents a limited hazard during
  transportation due to its
• Form
• Quantity
• Packaging
• No Placards (labels only)

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Forbidden Materials

• Materials prohibited from being offered or
  accepted for transportation. Does not apply if
  the materials are diluted, stabilized, or
  incorporated in devices. There is no placard for
  these items since they aren't transported.

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Marine Pollutant

• Is a material that has an adverse effect on
  aquatic life.

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Elevated Temperature Material

• Is a material that, when offered for
  transportation in a bulk packaging, meets one of
  the following conditions
• Liquid at or above 100ºC (212ºF)
• Liquid with a flash point at or above 37.8ºC
  (100ºF) that is intentionally heated and is
  transported at or above its flash point.
• Solid at a temperature at or above 240ºC (464ºF)

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HazMat Vs. Other Emergencies

• Identify differences between hazardous materials
  incidents and other emergencies.
• Potential for large scale harm
• Specialized training required

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Locations of Hazardous Materials

• Identify typical occupancies and locations in the
  community where hazardous materials are
  manufactured, transported, stored, used, or
  disposed of.
• Warehouses Laboratories
• Tank Farms Truck Terminals
• Weapons Depots Flight Line
• Hospitals Maintenance Facilities

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Locations of Hazardous Materials

• Personnel developing the pre-incident plans
  should seek assistance from the facility manager
  in identifying hazardous materials locations and
  recording them on the plan in a way that will be
  useful to the first-arriving companies.

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Locations of Hazardous Materials

• Hazardous materials that are manufactured,
  stored, processed, or used at a particular site
  are NOT subject to regulations affecting
  transported materials.

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Liquefied Petroleum Gas Storage Area
Front of Pool Supply Store
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.5
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Container Shapes

• Identify typical container shapes that may
  indicate hazardous materials.
• Radioactive
• ? Protective overpacks
• ? Casks

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Container Shapes

• Pressurized products
• Cylinders
• Rounded ends
• Cryogenic cylinders (insulated)

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Container Shapes

• Pressurized products (continued)
• MC-331 pressure cargo tank trailer
• Pressure tank car
• Tube modules
• Tube trailers
• High pressure tube cars

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MC 331
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Pressure Rail Car
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Container Shapes

• Cryogenics (a tank-within-a-tank)
• MC-338
• Cryogenic tank car

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MC 338
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Cryogenic Rail Car
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Container Shapes

• Corrosives
• Carboys
• MC-312

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MC 312
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Container Shapes

• Flammable Liquids
• - Drums
• - Jerricans
• - MC-306
• - Non-pressure tank car
• Dry Bulk

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MC 306
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Non Pressure Rail Car
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Hopper
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Facility Transportation Markings

• Identify facility and transportation markings and
  colors that indicate hazardous materials.
• Placards - Pipeline markings
• NFPA 704 - Container markings
• Military markings
• Special hazard communication markings

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Markings Colors

• Transportation markings and colors that indicate
  hazardous materials.
• Placards
• United Nations Class Number
• Four digit identification number
• Symbols and colors
• Name of material

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UN/NA ID Numbers

• UN Class numbers (bottom of placard)
• Hazard class or ID numberon placard or orange
  panel
• Symbols and colors
• Name of material

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NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7
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Markings Colors

• NFPA 704
• Suggested method for identifying hazardous
  materials
• Scale of 0-4 (4 being the worst hazard)
• Used only for facilities when mandated by local
  ordinances

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Markings Colors

• Military hazardous materials markings
• Class 1, Division 1
• Class 1, Division 2
• Class 1, Division 3
• Class 1, Division 4

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Class 1, Division 1

• Materials that present a mass denotation hazard

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Class 1, Division 2

• Presents an explosion with fragmentation hazard

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Class 1, Division 3

• Materials with amass fire hazard

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Class 1, Division 4

• Materials that present a moderate fire hazard

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Special Warnings

• Chemical hazards

Highly Toxic
Harassing Agents
White Phosphorus Munitions
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Special Warnings

• Apply No Water

Wear Protective Breathing Apparatus
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Markings Colors

• Special hazard communication markings
• Pipeline markers
• Metal sign placed adjacent to a hazardous
  materials pipeline right of way.
• Contains information about
• product and signal word
• ownership of the line
• emergency telephone number

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NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7
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Markings Colors

• Container Markings
• Markings on a container will provide some
  indication as to the type of product it holds

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NFPA 704 Marking System

• Given an NFPA 704 marking, describe the
  significance of the colors, numbers, and special
  symbols.

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NFPA 704 Marking

• Suggested method for identifying hazardous
  materials
• Scale of 0-4 (4 being the worst hazard)
• Used only for facilities when mandated by local
  ordinances

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NFPA 704 Colors Their Meanings

• 1. Blue Health
• 2. Red Flammability
• 3. Yellow Reactivity
• 4. White Special

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SPECIAL INFORMATION
Avoid Use of Water Oxidizer (OX) (OXY) Used by
some to indicate Alkaline materials Used by some
to indicate Acidic materials
W
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Material Safety Data Sheets

• Identify where to find Material Safety Data
  Sheets (MSDS).
• Why they are necessary
• OSHA has required all establishments to keep on
  file an MSDS for each chemical stored or used on
  site

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Material Safety Data Sheets

• Identify basic information on Material Safety
  Data Sheets (MSDS) that indicates hazardous
  materials.

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• MSDS Sample Information

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Shipping Papers
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.10
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Shipping Papers

• Identify entries on shipping papers that indicate
  the presence of hazardous materials.
• - Proper shipping name
• - Hazard class and division
• - Product identification number
• - STCC number
• - CAS number (chemicals social security number)

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NFPA Objective 2-2.1.9.3
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Shipping Papers

• Match the name of the shipping papers found in
  transportation (air, highway, rail, and water)
  with the mode of transportation.

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Shipping Papers

• Identify the person responsible for having the
  shipping papers in each mode of transportation.

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Shipping Papers

• Identify where the shipping papers are found in
  each mode of transportation.

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Shipping Papers

• Identify where the papers can be found in an
  emergency in each mode of transportation.
• Normal location
• Highway
• Rail
• Water
• Air

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Location of Shipping Papers Responsible Person

• Highway - cab of vehicle - Driver
• Rail - Engine or caboose - with conductor or
  engineer
• Water - Wheelhouse or pipe-like container on a
  barge - Captain or master
• Air - Cockpit/flight-deck or attached to package
  - pilot

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NFPA Objective 2-2.1.9.5
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.10.4
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Clues Used to IdentifyHazardous Materials

• Identify examples of clues (other than
  occupancy/location, container shape,
  markings/colors, placards/labels, MSDS, and
  shipping papers) that use the senses of sight,
  sound, and odor to indicate hazardous materials.

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Limitations of Using Your Senses!

• Describe limitations of using the senses in
  determining the presence or absence of hazardous
  materials.

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Targets of Criminal/Terrorist ActivityUsing
Hazardous Materials

• Identify types of locations that could become
  targets for criminal or terrorist activity using
  hazardous materials.

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Criminal/Terrorist Activity Indicators

• Identify at least 4 indicators of possible
  criminal or terrorist activity involving
  hazardous materials.

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Difficulties Determining Namesof Hazardous
Materials

• Identify difficulties encountered in determining
  the specific names of hazardous materials in both
  facilities and transportation.
• Facilities
• Transportation

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Sources for Obtaining Namesof Hazardous Materials

• Identify sources for obtaining the names of,
  UN\NA identification numbers for, or types of
  placard associated with hazardous materials in
  transportation.

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Obtaining Names of Productsin Facilities

• Identify sources for obtaining names of hazardous
  materials in a facility.

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Protecting Yourself Others

• Identify the basic precautions to be taken to
  protect themselves and others in a hazardous
  materials incident.

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Victim Medical Care

• Identify the precautions necessary when providing
  emergency medical care to victims of hazardous
  material incidents.

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Ignition Sourcesat HazMat Incidents

• Identify the typical ignition sources found at
  the scenes of hazardous materials incidents.

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Harmful Effectsof Hazardous Materials

• Identify ways hazardous materials are harmful to
  people, the environment, and property at
  hazardous materials incidents.

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Routes of Entry

• Identify general routes of entry for human
  exposure to hazardous materials.
• Contact
• Absorption
• Inhalation
• Ingestion

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Collecting Information Initiating Response
Actions

• Given the name, UN/NA identification number or
  type placard, a current copy of the North
  American Emergency Response Guidebook (NAERG) a
  local emergency response plan and standard
  operating procedures, and a facility or
  transportation scenario including hazardous
  materials, collect hazard information, initiate
  protective actions, and initiate the notification
  process within 60 minutes.

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Determine the AppropriateGuidebook Pages

• Four digit ID (yellow pages)
• Spelling of the product (blue pages)
• Placards (table of placards)
• Dealing with an unknown

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Information Available
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NAERG General Hazards

• Identify the two general types of hazards found
  on each guide page.
• Fire and Explosion Hazard
• Health Hazard
• P presents a polymerization hazard

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NAERG Response Information

• Given the identity of various hazardous materials
  (name, UN/NA identification number, or type
  placard), identify the following response
  information
• Emergency actions from guide pages
• Protective Clothing
• Initial isolation protective action distances

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NAERG Personnel Protective Clothing

• Given the name of a hazardous material, identify
  the recommended personal protective clothing from
  the following list
• Street clothing and work uniforms
• Structural fire fighters protective clothing
• Positive pressure SCBA
• Chemical protective clothing and equipment.

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Protective Actions

• Identify the definitions for each of the
  following protective actions
• Isolate hazard area and deny entry
• Evacuate
• Sheltering in-place protection

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NAERG Protective Zone Shapes

• Identify the shapes of recommended initial
  isolation and protective action zones.
• Initial isolation zone is circular.
• The protective action zone is a square shape.

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Initial Isolation Zone and Protective Action Zone
PROTECTIVEACTION ZONE
1/2 DOWNWIND DISTANCE
INITIAL ISOLATION ZONE
Downwind Distance
1/2 DOWNWIND DISTANCE
INITIAL ISOLATION DISTANCE
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Small Versus Large Spills

• Describe the difference between small and large
  spills as found in the table of Initial Isolation
  and Protective Action Distances.
• Small spill
• Large spill

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Small Spill
Large Spill
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.4.4
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Initial Protective Action Distances

• Identify the circumstances under which the
  following distances are used at a hazardous
  materials incident
• Table of initial isolation and protective action
  distances
• Isolation distance in the numbered guides

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Green Versus OrangeBordered Pages

• Describe the difference between the isolation
  distances in the orange-bordered guide pages and
  the protective action distances in the
  green-boarded pages.
• Green-bordered
• Orange-boarded

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Where is Your LERP SOPs?

• Location of both the Local Emergency Response
  Plan (LERP) and the organizations Standard
  Operating Procedures (SOP).

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Role of the Awareness LevelEmergency Responder

• Guidelines are found in
• The local emergency response plan.
• The organizations standard operating procedures.
• North American Emergency Response Guidebook

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Techniques Usedto Isolate Deny Entry

• Identify the techniques used to isolate the
  hazard area and deny entry to unauthorized
  persons at hazardous materials incidents.

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Criminal/Terrorist Specific Actions

• Identify the specific actions necessary when an
  incident is suspected to involve criminal or
  terrorist activity.

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Initial Notification Procedures

• Given either a facility or transportation
  scenario involving hazardous materials,
  regardless of the presence of criminal or
  terrorist activities, the first responder at the
  awareness level shall identify the appropriate
  initial notifications to be made and how to make
  them, consistent with the local emergency
  response plan or the organization's standard
  operating procedures.

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Initial Notification Procedures

• To make the appropriate notifications the
  awareness level responder must
• Be familiar with the notification process
• Rapidly set the proper notification process in
  motion

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Final Exam

• Administer the Awareness computer-based final
  exam on CerTest and the required performance test
  evaluations.