EIA - Operating Principles

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EIA - Operating Principles
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EIA - Operating Principles

• Screening
• Scoping
• Assessing
• Mitigation
• Reporting
• Reviewing
• Decision-making
• Monitoring and management
• Public involvement

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The EIA process

• screening - to decide if and at what level EIA
  should be applied
• scoping - to identify the important issues and
  prepare terms of reference
• impact analysis - to predict the effects of a
  proposal and evaluate their significance
• mitigation - to establish measures to prevent,
  reduce or compensate for impacts

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• reporting - to prepare the information necessary
  for decision-making
• review - to check the quality of the EIA report.
• decision-making - to approve (or reject) the
  proposal and set conditions
• follow up to monitor, manage and audit the
  impacts of project implementation
• public involvement - to inform and consult with
  stakeholders

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EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007)UNEP Training
Resource Manual
Topic 1 Slide 5
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EIA process

• I. Screening

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SCREENING

• Definition
• is the process of determining whether or not a
  proposal requires full-scale EIA and the level at
  which that assessment should occur.

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The purpose of screening

• The purpose of screening is to determine
• whether or not a proposal requires an EIA
• what level of EIA is required

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Outcomes of screening

• full or comprehensive EIA required
• more limited EIA required
• further study needed to determine EIA requirement
• no further requirement for EIA

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Screening and scoping compared

• Screening
• determines the requirement for EIA
• establishes the level of review necessary
• Scoping
• identifies the key issues and impacts
• establishes the terms of reference

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Requirement of full-scale EIA involves

• exploitation of natural resources
• infrastructure
• industrial activities
• extractive industries
• waste management and disposal
• substantial changes in farming or fishing
  practices

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Screening methods

• legal/policy definition
• inclusion list of projects (with or without
  thresholds)
• exclusion list of projects
• criteria for case-by-case screening

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Approaches to screening involve one or a
combination of

• decision-makers discretion
• initial environmental examination
• project lists with/without thresholds
• exclusion lists

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Decision-makers discretion

• the proposal itself and its potential impacts
• the level of confidence in the predicted impacts
• the characteristics of the receiving environment
  and its resilience to change
• the existing planning, environmental management
  and decision-making framework
• the degree of public interest likely in the
  proposal

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Initial environmental examination (evaluation)

• describe the proposal and examine any
  alternatives that might improve the environmental
  outcomes
• identify and address the concerns of the local
  community
• identify and assess the potential environmental
  effects
• mitigate adverse effects and enhance potential
  benefits
• contain environmental monitoring and management
  plans

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Project lists establish a set of specific
criteria that can be used to determine which
projects will undergo EIA.

• requiring full-scale EIA
• requiring some form of further environmental
  analysis
• not requiring any further environmental analysis

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Exclusion lists

• The use of exclusion lists is not a common
  approach to screening.
• The use is that the greater number of smaller and
  less significant projects are given exemption
  from EIA based on project type or size.

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Thailand Type and sizes of projects or
activities requiring EIA report.

• 1. Industry
• 2. Residential building and service community
• 3. Transportation
• 4. Energy
• 5. Water resource
• 6. Watershed area
• 7. Mine

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Lists of actions

• Utilising of positive/inclusive nature
• Utilising of negative/exclusive nature
• Weakness of lists based on types of action
  without considering to
• size
• technology
• resource requirements
• waste characteristics

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Three possible outcomes of screening process

• 1. proposals which do not require additional
  environmental investigation because it is
  expected that they will not have significant
  impacts
• 2. proposals which require a limited
  environmental study because the environmental
  impacts are known and can be easily mitigated

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• 3. proposals which require EIA to determine the
  extent and magnitude of range of significant
  adverse impacts and to propose a range of
  appropriate mitigation, monitoring and management
  measures

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Ex Egypt

• 3 lists of project criteria
• 1. White list
• No EIA requirement
• 2. Gray list
• Scoped EIA study may be required.
• 3. Black list
• Full EIA study is required.

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A framework for screening
Increasing impact of development
Exclusive threshold
UNEP Training Resource Manual
Topic 4 Slide 27