Progressive Era

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Progressive Era
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• 1898-1920

Power Point created by Robert Martinez Primary
Content SourceMastering the Grade 11TaksSocial
Studies Assessment
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• Reform movement attempts to introduce or
  correct political, social, and economic changes
  to end abuses and improve peoples lives.

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Populist Party

• The Populist Party represented farmers, laborers,
  and industrial workers in their struggle against
  banking and railroad interests. Their
  presidential Candidate was William Jennings Bryan.

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Populist Ideas

• Bimetallism (cheaper currency, silverites.)
• Direct election of Senators
• Term Limits for President
• Graduated Income Tax
• Immigration Quotas
• Shorter Work Day of 8 hours.

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• Progressives were mainly middle-class dwellers,
  who believed government should increase its
  responsibility of human welfare by protecting
  workers and consumers.

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• The rise of industry brought many new problems
  brutal working conditions, child labor, political
  corruption, urban overcrowding, and the abuse of
  consumers by big business.

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• Progressives believe government had been
  corrupted by big business and political bosses.

The Tiger was the symbol for the powerful and
corrupt Democratic political machine of Boss
Tweed in New York City.
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• Progressives sought to correct political and
  economic injustices by using the power of
  government.

Progressives hunting down the powerful and
corrupt Tammany Hall Tiger in New York City.
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Muckrakers

• Muckrakers are investigative reporters of the
  Progressive Era who exposed government corruption
  and the abuses of industry.

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Good Bye - Boss Rule

• Progressives replaced the rule of bosses with
  public minded mayors. The machine used its
  control of the city to steal from the public
  treasury through bribes and padded contracts.

Boss Tweed of Tammany Hall, New York City, NY.
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• Political machines provided immigrants with jobs,
  housing, help in obtaining citizenship. In
  exchange, these residents voted for candidates
  recommended by party boss.

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Reforming the State Government

• Progressive governors took steps to free their
  state governments from corruption and make them
  more democratic.
• Examples
• introduced the secret ballot
• initiative allowed voters to directly introduce
  legislation.
• recall elected officials could be removed by
  voters.
• - referendum voters could vote for legislation
  by ballot.

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• Theodore Roosevelts Square Deal , proposed new
  laws to protect consumer health, to regulate
  industry, and to conserve the nations natural
  resources.

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The Jungle

• Novel by muckraker Upton Sinclair describing the
  unhealthy practices in the meat-packing industry.
  Roosevelt introduces the Meat Inspection Act in
  1906.

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• Trust busting is the act of breaking up the
  illegal trusts and monopolies that flourished
  during the Gilded Age. The most famous
  trustbuster was Teddy Roosevelt.

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Roosevelt as Trustbuster

• Roosevelt revived the Sherman Antitrust Act to
  break up big business trusts. TR Filed lawsuit to
  break up Rockefellers Standard Oil Company.

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• Both Republicans and Democrats would carry out
  Progressive reforms Sixteenth Amendment
  Congress can collect income taxes Seventeenth
  Amendment direct election of U.S. senators.

Republican President Taft
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• Woodrow Wilson was a Progressive Democrat
  promising New Freedom.

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Wilsons New Freedom

• Wilsons New Freedom included the Federal Reserve
  Act ,reforming the banking industry by
  establishing Federal Reserve Banks (controls the
  amount of money in circulation) the
• Clayton Antitrust Act ,establishing the
  Federal Trade Commission to investigate abuses
  and regulate business practices.

The Federal Reserve
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• The lack of voting rights was seen as a symbol of
  womens inferior status and as a violation of
  democratic principles which led toward the
  Suffrage Movement.

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World War I the 19th Amendment

• When men went off to fight in WWI, millions of
  women took their places in factories and
  workshops. Womens contribution to the war was
  the final argument in favor of womens suffrage.

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Nineteenth Amendment

• The 19th Amendment guaranteed womens suffrage
  (right to vote) throughout the United States.

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• Susan B. Anthony emerged as the chief advocate
  for womens rights. In 1872, she was convicted of
  violating New York State laws by attempting to
  vote and sent to prison. Anthony formed the
  American Womans Suffrage Association.

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Watchdog of Business

• For the first time, Americans looked to federal
  and state governments for protection from unfair
  business practices and monopolistic abuses. New
  agencies were created to break up abusive
  monopolies and maintain free competition
  (example Sherman Anti-trust Act).

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Progressive Era ReformsRole of Protector

• The government assumed the role of protector of
  consumers, children, women, small business, and
  the environment.

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Expanded Democratic participation

• Progressives placed greater power in the hands of
  the people. The 17th Amendment introduced the
  direct election of Senators. Primary elections
  gave citizens greater influence in the selection
  of candidates.

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• The 16th Amendment introduced the graduated
  income tax, changing the whole way the federal
  government financed its operations, and became a
  means of correcting social inequalities through a
  limited redistribution of wealth.

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