World History

1
World History

• Unit 4
• Connecting Hemispheres
• 900 - 1800

2
Chapter 17European Renaissanceand Reformation,
1300-1600 A.D.

• Section 1
• Italy Birthplace of the Renaissance

3
Italy and Renaissance

• Objectives
• To explain the conditions in Italy that gave rise
  to the Renaissance.
• To identify the values and ideas prized during
  the Renaissance.
• To describe the artistic breakthrough and
  achievements of Renaissance artists.
• To summarize intellectual literary works and
  techniques of key Renaissance writers.
• Vocabulary Renaissance, humanism, secular,
  patron, perspective, vernacular

4
Italys Advantages

• Setting - 1300-1600
• rejection of medieval values
• Renaissance
• rebirth of art and learning
• N. Italy
• cities
• Crusade trade
• wealthy merchants
• dominated politics
• Medici
• rulers patrons
• Greco-Roman culture
• monasteries
• Constantinople (1453)

5
Renaissance Values Ideas

• Humanism
• classical Greek Roman culture
• human potential and achievements
• secular
• worldly enjoy lifes pleasures
• no offense to God
• patrons
• wealthy supporters of the arts
• church and merchants
• Renaissance Man
• to excel in many fields
• woman
• well-educated but lack power

6
Renaissance Art

• Artistic Styles
• realistic citizens human body
• Techniques
• nude sculpture
• perspective
• illusion of 3-dimensions
• Leonardo da Vinci
• painter, sculptor, inventor, scientist
• Renaissance Man
• Michelangelo
• Sistene Chapel
• Raphael
• School of Athens

7
School of Athens
8
Michelangelo
9
Leonardo da Vinci
10
Leonardo da Vinci
11
Leonardo da Vinci
12
Renaissance Writers

• Vernacular
• native language
• Dante Alighieri
• The Divine Comedy
• Geoffrey Chaucer
• The Canterbury Tales
• Petrarch
• humanist writer and poet
• Machiavelli
• The Prince
• guidebook for rulers
• Women
• personal subjects

13
Italy and Renaissance

• Objectives
• To explain the conditions in Italy that gave rise
  to the Renaissance.
• Thriving cities, wealthy merchants, Greco-Roman
  culture
• To identify the values and ideas prized during
  the Renaissance.
• Humanists, secular, patrons, Renaissance Man
• To describe the artistic breakthrough and
  achievements of Renaissance artists.
• New techniques - perspective, realism, human form
• To summarize intellectual literary works and
  techniques of key Renaissance writers.
• Vernacular, human nature, The Prince, personal
  subjects

14
Assessment

• 1) Renaissance
• 2) humanism
• 3) secular
• 4) patron
• 5) perspective
• 6) vernacular
• 7) Renaissance Man
• 8) Sistene Chapel painter
• 9) Mona Lisa painter
• 10) Wrote The Prince

• 1) rebirth of arts / learning
• 2) human potential
• 3) worldy here and now
• 4) supporter of the arts
• 5) illusion of 3-dimensions
• 6) native language
• 7) excel in many fields
• 8) Michelangelo
• 9) Leonardo da Vinci
• 10) Machiavelli

15
Chapter 17European Renaissanceand Reformation,
1300-1600 A.D.

• Section 2
• The Northern Renaissance

16
The Northern Renaissance

• Objectives
• To explain the origins and characteristics of the
  Northern Renaissance.
• To trace the impact of the Renaissance on German
  and Flemish painters.
• To profile key Northern Renaissance writers.
• To explain how printing spread Renaissance
  beliefs.
• Vocabulary Utopia, printing press, Gutenberg
  Bible

17
Northern Renaissance

• England, France, Germany, Flanders
• unification in England / France
• strong monarchs
• northern traditions
• religious over secular
• social reform / Christian values
• Renaissance Art
• artists flee Italian wars
• German
• Hans Holbein the Younger
• religion / classical myths
• realism
• Flemish
• Jan van Eyck
• realism / oil based paints

18
Chancellor Rolin
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Peasant Wedding
20
Still Life
21
Northern Writers

• Christian Humanists
• social concerns / religious slant
• Desiderius Erasmus
• Holland (Latin)
• The Praise of Folly
• human flaw
• Thomas More
• England (Latin)
• Utopia
• Greek - no place
• free of human folly
• Francois Rabelais
• France (French)
• Gargantua and Pantagruel
• humor to make a point

22
Northern Writers

• William Shakespeare
• English playwright (English)
• ideals of the Renaissance
• human potential
• tragic human flaws
• MacBeth, Romeo and Juliet,
• Hamlet, King Lear
• classical Greco-Roman themes
• Elizabethan Age
• 1558-1603
• Renaissance Woman
• Queen
• multiple languages
• poet

23
Spread of Renaissance Ideas

• Movable Type
• China in 1045
• Johann Gutenberg
• adaptation of movable type
• printing press
• Gutenberg Bible
• 1st printed book
• 1455
• learning
• fast and cheap
• spread of ideas
• rise in literacy
• Bible
• mass interpretation

24
The Northern Renaissance

• Objectives
• To explain the origins and characteristics of the
  Northern Renaissance.
• Unified nations, strong monarchs, Italian ideas
  combined with northern traditions
• To trace the impact of the Renaissance on German
  and Flemish painters.
• Italian ideas head north, focus on realism,
  Flanders as center
• To profile key Northern Renaissance writers.
• Christian humanists, social and religious
  concerns, Shakespeare, Elizabethan Age
• To explain how printing spread Renaissance
  beliefs.
• Bible, learning and literacy, mass
  interpretations

25
Assessment

• 1) Greek Utopia definition
• 2) printing press inventor
• 3) 1st book printed on press
• 4) realism
• 5) new type of paint
• 6) MacBeth author
• 7) movable type inventor

• 1) no place
• 2) Johann Gutenberg
• 3) Gutenberg Bible
• 4) lifelike
• 5) oil-based
• 6) Shakespeare
• 7) China

26
Chapter 17European Renaissanceand Reformation,
1300-1600 A.D.

• Section 3
• Luther Starts the Reformation

27
Luther Starts the Reformation

• Objectives
• To analyze historical forces and religious issues
  that sparked the Reformation.
• To trace Martin Luthers role in the religious
  movement to reform the Catholic Church.
• To analyze the impact of Luthers religious
  revolt.
• To explain the spread of the Protestant faith to
  England during King Henry VIIIs reign.
• Vocabulary indulgence, Reformation, Lutheran,
  Protestant, Peace of Augsburg, annul, Anglican

28
Luther Starts the Reformation

• Causes
• Renaissance ideas
• secular individual
• printing press
• Rulers resistance to Pope
• corrupt practices
• worldly affairs
• Church tax resentment
• Church leaders reform calls
• 1300-1400s
• John Wycliffe (England)
• Jan Hus (Bohemia)
• 1500s (Christian humanists)
• Desiderius Erasmus
• Thomas More

29
Luthers Challenge

• Martin Luther (1483-1546)
• German monk
• indulgences
• pardon for past sins
• 95 Thesis
• Reformation
• salvation through faith in God
• good works not needed
• Bible as supreme authority
• Pope as false authority
• all could interpret the Bible
• priests not needed
• Founding of Christian churches

30
Response to Luther

• Pope Leo X
• excommunication in 1520
• Emperor Charles V
• Holy Roman Emperor
• Edict of Worms
• Luther outlaw and heretic
• crime to feed or shelter
• Lutherans
• followers of Luther
• Peasant Revolts (1524)
• religious, personal freedom
• Protestants
• German princes not loyal to pope
• 1547-1555 war
• Peace of Augsburg

31
Protestant England

• Henry VIII - (1491-1547)
• King of England
• Henrys wives
• Catherine of Aragon (1527)
• aunt of Charles V
• daughter Mary
• annul
• set aside
• Reformation Parliament (1529)
• Act of Supremecy (1534)
• King head of church
• seizes monasteries / land
• Anne Boleyn (1533)
• daughter Elizabeth
• beheaded in 1536
• 3rd wife
• son Edward

32
Henry VIIIs Children

• Edward VI
• 1st to rule 1547-1553
• Protestant control
• Mary I
• 1553-1558
• Catholic rule Pope as head
• Elizabeth I
• 1558-1603
• return to Protestantism
• Anglican official church
• Book of Common Prayer
• Protestant / Catholic compromise
• defeat of Spanish Armada (1588)

33
Luther Starts the Reformation

• Objectives
• To analyze historical forces and religious issues
  that sparked the Reformation.
• Renaissance ideas, corrupt clergy, church leaders
  call for reforms
• To trace Martin Luthers role in the religious
  movement to reform the Catholic Church.
• Protests indulgences, 95 Thesis, salvation and
  Bible interpretation
• To analyze the impact of Luthers religious
  revolt.
• Pope excommunicates, HRE heretic, German
  peasant revolt, HRE war with Protestant princes
• To explain the spread of the Protestant faith to
  England during King Henry VIIIs reign.
• Henrys annulment, Henry head of English
  church, Protestant / Catholic heir clashes,
  Elizabeth Is Protestantism

34
Assessment

• 1) indulgence
• 2) Reformation
• 3) Luthers followers
• 4) German princes decide regions own religion
• 5) Christians belonging to non-Catholic churches
• 6) annul
• 7) Church of England
• 8) He beheaded 2 wives

• 1) pardon from prior sin
• 2) religious reform
• 3) Lutherans
• 4) Peace of Augsburg
• 5) Protestants
• 6) set aside
• 7) Anglican Church
• 8) Henry VIII

35
Chapter 17European Renaissanceand Reformation,
1300-1600 A.D.

• Section 4
• The Reformation Continues

36
The Reformation Continues

• Objectives
• To explain John Calvins Protestant teachings and
  their spread throughout northern and western
  Europe.
• To describe the beliefs of other reformers and
  womens roles in the Reformation.
• To trace the reforms within the Catholic Church.
• Vocabulary predestination, Calvinism, theocracy,
  Presbyterian, Anabaptist, Catholic Reformation,
  Jesuits, Council of Trent

37
Calvinism

• John Calvin - 1536
• Institutes of the Christian Religion
• Calvinism
• sinful by nature
• predestination
• Geneva
• theocracy
• Influences
• John Knox 1559
• Presbyterians
• laymen
• Swiss, Dutch, French
• Huguenots
• St. Bartholomews Day 1572
• massacre of Protestants
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38
Reformers

• Protestant Core Belief
• mass interpretation
• Anabaptists
• baptize again
• adult baptism
• separation of church and state
• opposition to war
• Catholic Reformation
• Ignatius of Loyola
• Jesuits (Society of Jesus)
• education
• missionary work
• stop spread of Protestantism
• Council of Trent (1543-1563)
• Catholic interpretation final

39
The Reformation Continues

• Objectives
• To explain John Calvins Protestant teachings and
  their spread throughout northern and western
  Europe.
• Predestination, sinful by nature, theocracy,
  Protestant influence
• To describe the beliefs of other reformers and
  womens roles in the Reformation.
• Different beliefs, Anabaptist adult baptism,
  women behind the scene
• To trace the reforms within the Catholic Church.
• Jesuits, education, Council of Trent,
  clarification of church doctrine
• Vocabulary predestination, Calvinism, theocracy,
  Presbyterian, Anabaptist, Catholic Reformation,
  Jesuits, Council of Trent

40
Assessment

• 1) taught that people are sinful by nature
• 2) God knows beforehand who will be saved
• 3) Religion founded by John Calvin
• 4) Followers of John Knox
• 5) Massacre of Huguenots in France in 1572
• 6) Baptize again as adults
• 7) The Catholic Church reforms itself
• 8) Society of Jesus members
• 9) Meetings where Catholics agree on church
  reforms

• John Calvin
• Predestination
• Calvinism
• 4) Presbyterians
• 5) St. Bartholomews Day Massacre
• Anabaptists
• 7) Catholic Reformation
• 8) Jesuits
• 9) Council of Trent