CLASSIFYING LIVING THINGS

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CLASSIFYING LIVING THINGS

• AGRISCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education
Curriculum Office
July, 2002
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TAXONOMY

• Taxonomy is the classification of living things
• Names are in Latin
• Organism has a two-part scientific name

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STAGES IN THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

• KINGDOM
• PHYLUM OR DIVISION
• CLASS
• ORDER
• FAMILY
• GENUS
• SPECIES

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WHY USE SCIENTIFIC NAMES?

• PEOPLE IN ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD USE THE SAME
  NAME FOR AN ORGANISM
• RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ORGANISMS ARE EVIDENT IN
  THEIR NAMES
• DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ORGANISMS ARE OBVIOUS FROM
  THEIR NAMES

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THE FIVE KINGDOMS

• MONERA One celled organisms
• PROTISTA One-celled or form collection of cells
  that may look like plants.
• FUNGI Tiny yeasts to large mushrooms
• PLANTAE Includes over 350,000 plants that
  provide food, fiber and shelter.
• ANIMALIA Includes over million kinds of animals
  from spiders to chickens.

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FOUR PHYLA OF MONERANS

• Phylum SCHIZOPHYTA - Bacteria
• Phylum ARCHAEBACTERIA - Primitive organisms
  that live in harsh climates.
• Phylum CYANOPHYTA - Blue-green bacteria that
  grows in ponds and streams
• Phylum PROCHLOROPHYTA - Organisms that live in
  marine environments

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WAYS THAT BACTERIA ARE USED

• DECAY AGENT- Decaying plants/animals
• FOOD PRODUCTION- Cheese/yogurt
• MEDICINE PRODUCTION- Antibiotics
• FOOD SOURCE- Food for shrimp/oysters
• CLEAN WATER- Filters ammonia
• PROVIDE NUTRIENTS- Converts nitrogen from the air
  into a form plants use

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PHYLUMS OF PROTISTA

• Phylum Sarcodina - Includes amebas
• Phylum Ciliophora - Have cilia that help them
  move about paramecium
• Phylum Zoomastigina - Have long whip-like
  structure which they use to move about.
• Phylum Sporozoa - Carried in the bodies of host
  animals. Coccidiosis in poultry is an example

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PHYLUM OF PROTISTA (CONT)

• Phylum Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta,
  Chrysophyta and Pyrrophyta - This is the five
  phylums of algae.

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WAYS PROTISTS EFFECT LIFE ON EARTH

• CAUSE DISEASE
• USE IN POLISH OR GRIND STONES
• FOOD
• ADD OXYGEN TO WATER

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FOUR PHYLA OF FUNGI

• Zygomycota Black bread mold
• Ascomycota Includes yeasts, truffles and
  pennicillium (used to make penicillin)
• Basidiomycota Includes mushrooms
• Deuteromycota Imperfect fungi which cause
  ring-worm

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WAYS FUNGI AFFECTS LIVING THINGS

• Cause food spoilage
• Make food products better
• Provides a food source
• Provide medicine
• Cause plant disease
• Damage property
• Cause disease

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EIGHT PHYLA OF THE PLANTAE KINGDOM

• Phylum Bryophyta - Mosses and liverworts
• Phylum Lycophyta - Club mosses
• Phylum Spenophyta - Horsetails
• Phylum Pterophyta - Ferns
• Phylum Coniferophyta - Trees or shrubs that
  bear cones (everygreens)

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PLANTAE KINGDOMCONT.

• Phylum Cycadophyta - Palm-like plants that grow
  in tropical areas.
• Phylum Ginkgophyta - Ginko plants
• Phylum Anthophyta - Includes all of the
  flowering plants dicots - fruits, flowers, trees
  and vegetables
• monocots - onions, corn, wheat, oats, and sorghum

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WAYS PLANTS ARE USED

• FOOD
• CLOTHING
• SHELTER
• PAPER

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14 PHYLA OF THE ANIMALIA KINGDOM

• Phylum Porifera - Sponges that grow in the sea.
• Phylum Cnidarea - Jellyfish, coral and other
  sea animals.
• Phylum Plathelminthes - Flatworms
• Phylum Nematoda - Roundworms
• Phylum Rotifera - Tiny round or worm-like
  animals

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ANIMALIA KINGDOMCONT.

• Phylum Bryozoa - Animals that resemble moss but
  arent plants.
• Phylum Brachiopoda - Lampshells
• Phylum Phoronida - Tube worms
• Phylum Annelida - These are the segmented
  worms such as earthworms and leeches.

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ANIMALIA KINGDOMCONT.

• Phylum Mollusca - Soft-bodied animals without
  segments. Examples are oyster, clam, slugs and
  squid.
• Phylum Arthropoda - Bodies divided into segments
  and hard outer body covers. Examples include
  lobsters, shrimp, crawfish, insects, mites and
  ticks.
• Phylum Echinodermata- Starfish ,etc.

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LAST OF ANIMALIA KINGDOM

• Phylum Hemichordata - Acorn worms.
• Phylum Chordata - Vertebrates animals with
  internal skeletons and backbones. Examples
  include horses, pigs, cattle, sheep, birds and
  most fish.

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WAYS ANIMALS ARE USED

• Food
• Clothing
• Medicine
• Power