Characteristics of Living Things

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Characteristics of Living Things
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Characteristics of Living Things

• Made of Cells
• unicellular vs.. multicellular

Red Blood cells
Onion skin epidermal cells
Human cheek cells
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Characteristics of Living Things

• 2. Grows and develops
• Increase in cell size and/or number
• Includes development, aging, death
• Differentiation cell specialization for
  a certain job

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Characteristics of Living Things

• 3. Obtains uses Energy
• Metabolism (sum of all chemical reactions)
• Anabolism- simple to complex
• (build up rxns.)
• Catabolism complex to simple
• (break-down rxns.)
• Heterotrophic (other feeding)
• vs. autotrophic (self-feeding)

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Characteristics of Living Things

• 4. Reproduces
• two kinds of reproduction
• - asexual takes one
• to make more
• - sexual takes two

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Characteristics of Living Things

• 5. Responds to the Environment
• a. Movement internal or external
• b. Irritability - ability to respond to
• a stimulus
• Examples of stimuli sight, sound, touch,
  pressure, temperature, chemicals, color, light,
  other?
• c. Adaptability

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Taxonomy

• A. Definition science of naming things
  assigning them to groups

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Taxonomy

• B. Why have a classification system?
• 1. Single, universal name
• 2. Avoid confusion
• 3. Understand how living things are
• related to one another

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Taxonomy

• What are the FIVE common names of this animal?

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Taxonomy

• Mountain Lion
• Cougar
• Puma
• (Florida) Panther
• Catamount

Rocky Mountain resident
Florida resident
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Taxonomy

• Wouldnt it be confusing if we didnt have a
  scientific name?
• Felis concolor scientific name of the
• mountain lion
• Genus species

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Taxonomy

• C. Examples of classification systems
• 1. Dewey decimal system library
• 2. Sections of store music store
• 3. Periodic Table of elements - Chemistry
• 4. Others?

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Taxonomy

• D. Binomial nomenclature
• System of scientific naming
• Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
• (Swedish botanist) in 1750s
• Two part scientific name Genus and species
• Must be underlined or in italics
• In Latin (dead language of scholars)

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Taxonomy

• E. Example
• Homo sapiens
• (wise man)
• 1. Scientific name
• for human beings
• 2. Homo genus
• (capitalized underlined)
• 3. sapiens species
• (underlined, but NOT
• capitalized)

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Taxonomy

• F. Definition of species
• 1. breed successfully ? viable,
• fertile offspring
• 2. unique features similar to others of
• same species
• 3. have similar DNA to other species
• members

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Taxonomy

• G. 7 Taxa of living things ( taxon group)
• Kingdom (kings)
• Phylum (play)
• Class (chess)
• Order (on)
• Family (fine)
• Genus (green)
• Species (silk)

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Taxonomy

• H. Kingdom is least specific, largest group
• I. Species is most specific,
• contains only one kind of organism

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Taxonomy

• J. An example
• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammalia
• Order Primates
• Family Hominidae
• Genus Homo
• Species sapiens

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K. Other Systems of Classification

• Cladograms

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K. Other Systems of Classification

• 2. Three Domain System

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Taxonomy

• L. What determines how something
• is classified?
• 1. DNA
• 2. Structure

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Taxonomy

• 3. Embryology development

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Taxonomy

• L. ?There are 6 kingdoms of living things
• 1. Archaebacteria
• 2. Eubacteria
• 3. Protista
• 4. Fungi
• 5. Plantae
• 6. Animalia

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Taxonomy

• M. Definitions
• Prokaryotic does not have a
• nucleus to contain its DNA
• Eukaryotic has a membranebound
• nucleus

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Taxonomy

• N. Unicellular
• Prokaryotic
• 1. Archaebacteria ancient bacteria
• 2. Eubacteria most bacteria
• Eukaryotic
• 3. Protista single-celled
• O. Multicellular
• 4. Fungi e.g. mushrooms
• 5. Plantae - plants
• 6. Animalia - animals