Chapter 17 Reconstruction and the New South (1865-1896)

1
Chapter 17 Reconstruction and the New South
(1865-1896)

• Section 2 Radicals in Control

2
Section 2-Polling Question
Rate your agreement with the following statement
The system of checks and balances prevents any
branch of government from having too much
power. A. Strongly agree B. Somewhat
agree C. Somewhat disagree D. Strongly disagree

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

3
Essential Question
What were the results of Radical Reconstruction?
4
African Americans Rights

• Some whites tried to terrorize African Americans
  (Burning churches and homes)
• Many events happened like this and convinced
  Radical Republicans that President Johnsons
  Reconstruction plan was not strong enough
• Fall 1865- Southern states created new
  governments based on Johnsons plan
• Also elected new representatives to Congress
• When the representatives arrived in Washington,
  D.C., Congress refused to seat them

5
Black Codes

• Early 1866- Southern states passes black codes
• Laws to control freed men and women
• Allowed plantation owners to exploit African
  American workers
• Also allowed officials to arrest and fine jobless
  African Americans
• Banned African Americans from owning or renting
  farms
• To many, the black codes resembled slavery

6
Freedmens Bureau

• Early 1866- Congress passed a bill giving the
  Freedmens Bureau new powers
• The Bureau could set up courts and try people
  charged with violating the rights of African
  Americans
• African Americans could serve on juries in these
  courts
• Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866-
  Granted full citizenship to African Americans
• The federal government could also intervene in
  state affairs to protect their rights
• Also overturned the black codes
• Also contradicted the 1857 Dred Scott decision

7
The Two Bills

• Johnson vetoed both
• Johnson argued that both the Freedmens Bureau
  bill and the Civil Rights Act were
  unconstitutional
• Because they were approved by a Congress that did
  not include representatives from all the states
• Republicans in Congress had enough votes to
  override both vetoes and the bills became law
• Congress and the President were not working
  together
• Radical Republicans abandoned the idea of
  compromise and drafted their own Reconstruction
  plan

8
The 14th Amendment

• Fearing the Civil Rights Act might be overturned
  in court, Congress passed the 14th Amendment in
  1866 (enacted in 1868)
• Granted full citizenship to all born in the
  United States
• Most African Americans became full citizens
• Gave all rights to African Americans
• Life, liberty, and property
• Every citizen was entitled to equal protection
  of the laws

9
14th Amendment Continued

• If a state prevented any adult male citizen from
  voting, then it could lose representation in
  Congress
• The amendment also barred former Confederate
  leaders from holding office (unless pardoned by
  Congress)
• The 14th Amendment excluded Native Americans
• Southern states had to ratify the amendment to
  rejoin the Union
• Of the 11 Southern states, only Tennessee
  ratified it
• It did not take effect until 1868

10
Republican Victory

• Congressional elections of 1866
• President Johnson campaigned against Radical
  Republicans
• Many Northerners objected to the nasty tone of
  Johnsons campaign
• Also feared clashes between whites and African
  Americans
• The Republicans won a solid victory, and took
  Reconstruction into their own hands

11
Reconstruction Acts of 1867

• Johnson had no power (overrides)
• Congress passed the First Reconstruction Act and
  the Second Reconstruction Act
• The 10 Southern states that didnt ratify the
  14th Amendment had new governments created
• The 10 states were divided into 5 military
  districts , each run by a military commander
• African American men were guaranteed the right to
  vote
• Also banned former Confederate leaders from
  holding public office
• To rejoin the Union, the states had to ratify the
  14th Amendment and submit new state constitutions
  to Congress for approval
• Military commanders prepared state constitutional
  conventions

12
Readmitting the States

• Many white Southerners refused to vote
• 1000s of newly registered African American voters
  voted
• Republicans gained control of Southern state
  governments
• By 1868- 7 states were readmitted (Alabama,
  Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North
  Carolina, and South Carolina)
• By 1870- Mississippi, Virginia, and Texas were
  restored to the Union

13
President Johnson

• Johnson opposed Radical Reconstruction
• Johnson used his power of commander in chief of
  the army to direct the military governors
• Congress passed laws to limit the presidents
  power, such as the Tenure of Office Act
• This Act prohibited the president from removing
  government officials, including members of his
  own cabinet, without the Senates approval
• Conflict between Johnson and the Radicals grew
  more intense

14
Johnson and the Radicals

• August 1867- Congress was not in session
• Johnson suspended Secretary of War Edwin Stanton
  without the Senates approval
• Congress met again and refused to approve the
  suspension, Johnson removed Stanton from office
• This violated the Tenure of Office Act
• Johnson also appointed people the Radical
  Republicans opposed to command some of the
  Southern military districts

15
Impeaching the President

• Outraged by Johnsons actions, the House of
  Representatives voted to impeach the president
• Formally charge him of wrongdoings
• 1868- the case went to the Senate for a trial
  that lasted almost 3 months
• Both sides made their arguments
• The senators failed to achieve the 2/3rd majority
  required for conviction (1 vote)
• As a result, Johnson stayed in office until the
  end of 1869

16
Election of 1868

• The Republicans nominated Ulysses S. Grant, the
  Civil War hero
• The Democrats chose Horatio Seymour
• Grant won most of the African American votes in
  the South and won the presidency
• This election showed that voters supported the
  Republican approach to Reconstruction

17
15th Amendment

• 1869- Congress passed the 15th Amendment
• Prohibited state and federal governments from
  denying the right to vote to any male citizen
• Because of race, color, or previous condition of
  servitude
• African American men won the right to vote in
  1870
• Republicans believed the power of the vote would
  enable African Americans to protect themselves
• This belief was too optimistic

18
Essential Question
What were the results of Radical
Reconstruction? -African Americans gained full
citizenship with the rights due all citizens,
although protecting these rights proved
difficult -African American men gained the right
to vote -African American voters, combined with
the refusal of many white Southerners to vote,
put Republicans in control of Southern state
governments -By 1870 all of the Southern states
had met the requirements under Radical
Reconstruction and were restored to the Union
19
Chapter 17 Section 2 Quiz
20
African Americans were granted full citizenship
by the

1. 14th Amendment.
2. Ten Percent Law.
3. Civil Rights Act of 1866.
4. black codes.

21
All individuals born in the United States were
granted full citizenship by the

1. Thirteenth Amendment.
2. black codes.
3. Civil Rights Act of 1866.
4. Fourteenth Amendment.

22
The only Southern state to immediately ratify the
Fourteenth Amendment was

1. Maryland.
2. Tennessee.
3. Kentucky.
4. North Carolina.

23
When President Andrew Johnson violated the Tenure
of Office Act, the House of Representatives voted
to

1. impeach.
2. applaud him.
3. abstain.
4. override.

24
Which amendment gave African American men the
right to vote?

1. Thirteenth Amendment
2. Fourteenth Amendment
3. Fifteenth Amendment
4. Sixteenth Amendment

25
Participant Scores
0 Participant 1
0 Participant 2
0 Participant 3
0 Participant 4
0 Participant 5





26
Team Scores
0 Team 1
0 Team 2
0 Team 3
0 Team 4
0 Team 5