?????? (program preceptor)??????????????????? ??????

1
?????????????????

• ???
• ?????????
• ???????

2
???????????

• 1995,????????????(?????)
• ????????500?????
• ??????????????300??
• ??????????
• 2003,????????????(?????)
• ???????????????????

3
???????????

???????????(???????57??????????????????2004??)
4
?????????

• ????????????????,????????????????
• ????
• ???????????????
• ???????????
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• ????????

5
???????????? (I)

• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????,????????????????????,?????????????
  ?,?????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????,??????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????

6
???????????? (II)

• ??????????,??????????????????????,????????????????
  ?
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????
• ??????????????????????????,???????????

7
????????

• ???????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????

8
????

• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????
• ???????????640??(4??,16?,??40??),?????????????????
  1 5?,?????????????????????

9
????????????

• ??????
• ?????? (program preceptor)???????????????????
  ??????
• ??????(designated preceptor)???????????????
• ????????????area supervisor
• ??????????????
• (1)?????????????,?
• (2)?????????????,?
• (3)?????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????16??????,?? ???? ????????????????????
  ????????????????????

10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
???????

• ???????
• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????

13
???????????

• ????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????,????????????????????
  ,??????????
• ???????
• ??????????????,????????????????????
• ????????????????????

14
???????

• ?????????,????????????????(1)?????4??(2)???/????
  ???4??
• ??????????????????????,????????????????????,??????
  ??????
• ???????????????????????????,?????????????
• ???????????????????

15
????????

• ????16?640?????????????16,000??

16
?????????????
??? ???
?????? 37,680 29,580 78.50
?????? 66,790 52,450 78.53
?????? 67,100 52,710 78.55
?????? 67,100 52,710 78.55
?????? 53,400
?????? 52,710
http//www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/EDU_MGT/SECRETARY/
17
(No Transcript)
18
Outcome of Pharmacy Education

• Seven-star pharmacist
• Care-giver
• Decision-maker
• Communicator
• Leader
• Manager
• Life-long-learner
• Teacher
• WHO Consultative Group on Preparing the Future
  Pharmacist, Vancouver, 1977

19
Good Pharmacy Education Practice

• Statement of Policy by FIP
• Educational programs should reflect the fact that
  current and future pharmacists must have
• sufficient knowledge and
• professional, social and communication skills,
  and exhibit
• specific attitudes and behaviors, to enable
  them effectively to discharge their professional
  roles.

20
Good Pharmacy Education Practice

• Based in a research active environment at a
  university
• It is important to develop problem solving and
  critical thinking skills in students
• Ensure that patient-focused pharmaceutical care
  is a mandatory part of the curriculum
• Teaching and learning should be student-centered

21
Educational Programmes (I)

• Biological systems
• Chemistry of drugs and other constituents of
  medicines
• Pathophysiology and disease states
• The interaction between medicines and biological
  systems
• Dosages form design and development
• The actions and uses of medicines and other
  relevant products

22
Educational Programmes (II)

• The laws governing the practice of pharmacy and
  the sale and supply of medicines
• The principles governing ethical conduct
• Safety and risk management
• Pharmaco-epidemiology and pharmaco/
  health-economics
• The practice of pharmacy in various settings
  including social and behavioral sciences, leading
  to competency in delivering patient care
• The effective management of resources
• Guidelines governing good practices in
  manufacturing, distribution and laboratories

23
Recommendations to National Pharmaceutical
Associations (I)

• Should share responsibility for the education of
  pharmacy students by
• Being involved in the design, implementation and
  evaluation of the educational programmes of the
  schools and faculties of pharmacy in their
  countries,
• Establishing a co-operative working relationship
  with the schools and faculties of pharmacy,

24
Recommendations to National Pharmaceutical
Associations (II)

• Promote the appointment of practitioners as
  teachers in schools and faculties of pharmacy,
• Seeking to ensure that practising pharmacists and
  pharmacy students are involved in discussions on
  changes to curricula,
• Ensuring that pharmacist tutors of
  pre-registration graduates have adequate training
  for that responsibility,
• Organising practical training possibilities and
  promoting post-graduate residencies and training
  programmes.

25
Our National Pharmaceutical Associations

• ???????
• ???????
• ?????
• ???????
• ???????????
• ?????????????
• ???????

26
Nov. 1213, 1988
27
Recommendation since 1988

• 5-3
• Form a commission to study pharmacy education
  in the ROC. The purpose of this commission would
  be to establish missions for Schools of Pharmacy
  as well as their educational goals and
  objectives. Members should include
  representatives form medicines, industry,
  government as well as school of pharmacy
  academicians and practitioners.

28
??????????

• 1949 ??????????
• 1953 ??????????
• 1957 ??????????????????
• 1960 ????????
• 1963 ????????????
• 1966 ?????????????
• ???????????
• 1967 ????????????
• 1969 ????????????
• 1977 ??????????
• 1980 ?????????????????
• 1996 ?????????,????
• 2000 ?????????

29
??????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????? (2000)
• ????????????????????
• ??? ????????????????
• ??? ??????????
• ??? ????????????
• ??? ???????????
• ??? ????????????????
• ??? ??????????
• ??? ???????????
• ??? ????????????????
• ??? ??????????????
• ??? ??????????????
• ??? ???????????????

30
????????????

• ???????? (36,330?)
• ??????? ?????
• (?11,732?, 32.3) (24,598?, 67.7)
• ?????? ??????
• (6,960?, 28.3)
  (17,638?, 71.7)

???????????????,???,1999
31
?????????

BPS Pharm. Chem, Pharmaceutics, Pharmcognosy,
Pharmacology, Pharm. Analysis CP Dispensing,
Clinical pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics, Pharm. Admin
32
????????
?????? ?????? ?????? ???
NTU 17 3.5 (21) 60 17.1
TMU 25 4.5 (18) 200 44.4
CMU 21 2.0 (9.5) 220 110
KSMU 31 3.5 (11) 110 31.4
CNTU 36 4.5 (12.5) 407 90.4
TJTU 29 2.5 (8.6) 250 100
33
?????????

• ???????????
• ????????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ????
• ??????
• ??????????

34
??

• ????????
• ???????????????
• ???????????????
• ????
• ?????????
• ???????????????????
• ????????????????
• ???????????

35
??

• ???????????
• ???????????500??
• ?????1000?????
• ???????????????,?????????
• ?????????????
• ????????????????????,??????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ??????????????
• ?????????????????????????

36
??

• ??????????
• ?????????????? ?
• ??????
• ????????????
• ??????
• ??????
• ??????????????

37

• Prohibiting physicians from owning pharmacies
• Early 14th century

• Regulations promulgated by the burgomaster,
  council, and guild masters of Basel, Swiss
• The apothecary man or woman- take an oath
  before two witness when selling poison, to
  guarantee no harm would result

38
?????

• ?????????(Information provision)
• ????????? (Empowerment)
• ???????????????????

39
??????????

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• ???
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• ????
• ???? ? ????
• ??? ? ?????
• ????????? ? ???? ????

40
?????????????97

• ????
• ??????????????
• ????????
• ????
• ????,????????????
• ????????,????????????

• ????
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• ?????????????????,?????????????????
• ?????????

41
(No Transcript)
42
?????????

• ?????? 16000??????
• 94/12/09????????????????????
• 94/12/16 ??????????????

43
via Cappello, Verona, Italy
44
My poverty, but not my will, consents
Shakespeare, W. Romeo and Juliet, Act V, Scene I
45
Thank you