Unit: Organic Chemistry

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Unit Organic Chemistry

• Characteristics of Organic Compounds
• Functional Groups and Properties
• Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces

THOUGHT LAB due______________
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LAST class

• The physical and chemical properties of organic
  compounds are determined by the presence of
  certain groups of atoms within the compound
  (functional groups).
• What is FUNCTIONAL GROUP

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FUNCTIONAL GROUP

• Workbook pg. ___________
• It is a structural arrangement of atoms that
  imparts particular characteristic to the molecule
• We will LOOK at
• carbon-carbon multiple bond (alkanes, alkenes,
  alkynes)
• Single bonds b/w carbon and more electronegative
  atom (-C-O- -C-N-)
• a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen (-CO)

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FUNCTIONAL GROUP (continue)

• DETERMINES
• Physical and chemical properties
• Whether the molecule will be soluble in (POLAR
  vs. NON-POLAR substance)
• its melting/boiling point
• Molecules reactivity with other molecules
• PREDICT PROPERTIES
• DESIGN a MOLECULE TO SERVE PARTICULAR PURPOSE

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Carbon-Carbon Multiple BOND

• -C-C- ? strong covalent bond hard to break NOT
  REACTIVE
• -C-C- ? non-polar (electrons are shared equally)
• -CC- and CC- ? are not as strong MORE
  REACTIVE
• Strength of bond is related to its length (next
  UNIT)

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Intramolecular and Intermolecular Forces

• WORKBOOK
• Intramsolecular forces
• Intermolecular forces London dispersion
  dipole-dipole interactions Hydrogen bonds
• Types of Intermolecular Forces

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-C-X-

• X ? N, O, Halogen, -OH, -NH2
• elements with higher Electronegativity than
  carbon
• BOND
• Polar (?)
• Formation of partial positive and partial
  negative charges
• Intermolecular attraction b/w molecules
• H-bond (-OH -NH)
• London Dispersion forces (all molecules)
• Dipole-dipole (polar molecules)
• INTERMOLECULAR FOCRES allow a molecule to have
  higher m.p. and b.p. and like dissolves like

The bonding electrons are attracted more strongly
to one of the nuclei.
REVEIW
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Importance of POLARITY

• Effect physical and chemical property of the
  molecule
• Determines the kind of reaction that can take
  place
• even affects reactivity at nearby bonds
• Polarity of bond? polarity of the whole molecule
  ? m.p b.p and solubility

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-CO

• Double covalent bond
• Sharing of 4 electrons ? more strongly attracted
  to the oxygen atom
• -CO ? strongly polarized
• Reactive site
• Raising boiling/melting points
• Increasing solubility in polar solvents