Teaching Objectives

1
Unit 6
2
Teaching Objectives

• 1. Enlarge vocabulary
• 2. Talk about how to prepare for
• earthquakes

3
Sections

• Section A How to Prepare for Earthquakes
• Section B Changes in the Balance of Nature
• Section C Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

4
Section A

• How to Prepare for Earthquakes

5
Table of Contents

• Background Information
• Comprehension of the Text
• Text Analysis
• Vocabulary and Structure
• Vocabulary Test

6
The Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster

• At 54651 AM, on January 17, 1995, a
  magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurred around Kobe
  City in Japan. The earthquake magnitude was
  defined by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA).
  The earthquake was named the 1995 South Hyogo
  Prefecture Earthquake (or the 1995 Hyogoken
  Nanbu Earthquake) by JMA. It was also referred to
  as the Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster by the
  Japanese government.

7
Group Discussion (1)
1. Have you ever been in an earthquake? What do
you think you would do first if the room started
to shake? Reference words to keep cool, to avoid
being seized with panic, to run aimlessly, to
jump from a building, to take shelter where sb.
is.
8
Group Discussion (2)

• 2. How much do you know about other natural
  disasters?
• Flood, mud-rock flow (???), landslide (????),
  typhoon, hurricane (??), tornado (???), snowstorm
  (???), hailstorm (??), sand storm (???), drought
  (??), plague of locusts (??), the spread of
  desert, the spread of infectious diseases such as
  SARS (??), and volcanic eruptions (????).

9
Comprehension of the Text (1)

• What have the Chinese people traditionally done
  about earthquakes?
• They have traditionally watched animals and
  plants for warning signs of earthquakes.
• Can you give some examples of warning signs of
  earthquake?
• Snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death
  and dogs bark a lot.

10
Comprehension of the Text (2)

• 3. How are most of the people who die in
  earthquake killed?
• They are killed by falling buildings.
• 4. What do architects do to prevent property
  damage?
• They design buildings so that the buildings
  columns and horizontal beams are of equal
  strength, and vertical support columns are
  inserted into solid soil.

11
Comprehension of the Text (3)

• 5. What should people in areas where earthquake
  are common do to prepare their houses?
• They should regularly check and reinforce
  their homes, place heavy objects in low
  positions, attach cupboards and cabinets to
  walls, and fasten doors so that they will not
  open accidentally during an earthquake.

12
Comprehension of the Text (4)

• 6. What should people in these regions do to
  prepare themselves?
• People should have supplies of water and food
  at home and at work. It is best to store several
  gallons of water per person. It is also important
  to have something that can clean water and kill
  bacteria, so water from other sources can be made
  safe to drink. Store one weeks food for each
  person and earthquake survival supplies.

13
Comprehension of the Text (5)

• 7. What is the sensible wary to keep all the
  family members informed of each other in a large
  earthquake-stricken city?
• To have all of the family members call to check
  in with a friend or relative who lives more than
  a hundred miles away.
• 8. What should be a major emphasis for all
  government programs and earth-quake-related
  research project?
• Education concerning how to survive an
  earthquake.

14
Text Analysis (1)

• The essay is centered around the main theme How
  to predict, prevent, and prepare for earthquakes.
• Find out the topic sentence for each paragraph.

15
Text Analysis (3)
Part ? (Para 1)

• This part is about how to predict an earthquake.
• Three examples to support the statement.
• Example 1 In Japan, .
• Example 2 The Chinese people
• Example 3 Before the Hanshin earthquake

16
Text Analysis (4)
Part ? (Para 2)

• This part deals with how to prevent the great
  destruction of property caused by earthquakes.
• Note
• signal words for reasoning (??)
• after all, therefore, major concern, seem to,but
  not
• Signal words for addition (??)
• also, in addition

17
Text Analysis (4)
Part ? (Paras 3-6)

• This part is about how people need to prepare
  themselves for the possibility of a great
  earthquake.
• Note the signal word in each paragraph.
• Para 3 Besides, people
• Para 4 In addition to, . Experts also suggest
  the following

18
Text Analysis (5)
Part ? (Para 7)

• This part serves as a conclusion even if
  prediction becomes possible in the future, people
  still have to do their best to prevent disasters
  by improving building structures and by being
  personally prepared.

19
Words and Expressions
watch for a major concern attach to agree
on check in make a difference
detect withstand enclose extinguish sensible
occurrence resistant precaution
20
Structures

• Typical patterns for reasoning
• 2. Typical patterns for emphasis

21
detect vt.

• 1. notice sth. that is not clear ??
• The dentist could detect no sign of decay in her
  teeth.
• ?????????????????
• 2. discover sth. using a special method ??
• Sharks have sensory organs that can detect faint
  electrical fields from other fish.
• ??????????????????????????

22
withstand vt.

• bear or not be changed ??,??
• 1. This building was constructed in the last
  century and has withstood the severe test of
  time.
• ??????????,???????????
• These shoes withstand hard wear.
• ??????

23
enclose vt.

• surround ??
• They enclosed their yard with a fence.
• ???????????
• 2. put inside an envelope or parcel in addition
  to sth. ??
• Please enclose a photocopy of the receipt of
  your purchase so that your complaint can be dealt
  with immediately.
• ??????????????????????????????

24
extinguish vt.

• 1. cause (sth.) to stop burning put out ??
• They tried to extinguish the flames with a
  damp
• blanket. ??????????????
• 2. end the existence or (hope, passion, etc.)
  (????
• ???)??
• You may extinguish a nation, but not the
  love of
• liberty.
• ?????????, ????????????

25
sensible a.

• based on good judgment and practical ideas
  ???,????
• He is sensible of the potential danger of
  his position, but at the same time he is also
  aware that if he gives up half way, he will
  regret later.
• ??????????,???????????????,??????
• Note
• sensitive ??? sensational ???
• sentimental ?????

26
occurrence n.

• 1. an event or incident a happening ?????,??
• Car theft is now a very common occurrence.
• ????????????
• 2. the fact of sth. happening ??
• They are taking measures to guarantee against
  the
• occurrence of hijacking.
• ?????????????????

27
resistant a.

• offering resistance ???,???
• He is an obedient and well-behaved child who
  is never resistant to the elders will and order.
• ??????????????,?????????????
• Conservative people are usually resistant to
  change.
• ???????????

28
precaution n.

• an action which is done to prevent sth.
  dangerous from happening ??
• We took the precaution of locking our valuables
  against fire.
• ?????????,????????????????

29
watch for ??,??

• ???????????????????????
• He has been watching for the right moment to
  express his feeling of love for her.

???
30
a major concern ?????

• How to prevent the resurgence of SARS is one of
  the major concerns among the public.
• ???????????(resurgence)???????????

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attachto ?????????????????

• The picture was attached to the wall by a nail.
• ???????????
• She is fondly attached to the good old days she
  shared with him.
• ?????????????????

32
agree on / upon ???????

• The two countries agreed upon the peace formula
  at the summit conference.
• ?????????????????
• cf. agree to, agree with
• The committee has agreed to your request.
• ????????????
• I agree with your father its a foolish risk.
• ?????????????????

33
check in ??,??

• Passengers must check in at the airport an hour
  before the plane leaves.
• ????????????????????????

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make a difference (?????)???/???

• Sometimes, a little perseverance makes a big
  difference between success and failure.
• ??????????????????
• Cf. make no difference be not important
• It makes no difference to us whether we have a
  daughter or a son.
• ?????,????????

35
1. Typical patterns for reasoning
?? After all, most of the people who die in
earthquakes are killed by falling buildings.
Therefore, building structures that can withstand
the power of earthquakes is a major concern. (L.
15)
???,?????????????????????????,????????????????????
?
????

1. After all, (??) Therefore, is a major concern /
   emphasis. (??) ???/??, ??,???????

36
?? a. ???,???????????????,???????????????????????
??
After all, we are still a developing country.
Therefore, how to keep our economic development
sustainable will be a major concern.
37
3. Typical patterns for emphasis
??Perhaps most interesting, and most easily
measured, is a chemical change in ground water
before a quake. (L. 10)
?????????????,???????????????
????
1) Perhaps most / Particularly adj. / PP,
and most adj. / PP, is ???/???
???,?
38
??a. ???????????????,????????????
Perhaps most remarkable, and most admirable, is
his virtue of remaining honest in spite of
general corruption.
39
Vocabulary Test (1)

• 1. Considering your salary, you should be able to
  ______ at least twenty dollars a week.
• A) put forward B) put up
• C) put out D) put aside
• 2. It was the first time that such a ______ had
  to be taken at a British nuclear power station.
• A) presentation B) precaution
• C) preparation D) prediction

D
B
40
Vocabulary Test (2)

• 3. The speech which he made _____ the project has
  bothered me greatly.
• A) being concerned B) concerned
• C) be concerned D) concerning
• 4. It is a type of desert bush that can ____
  extremes of temperature.
• A) adapt B) withdraw
• C) withstand D) shade

D
C
41
Vocabulary Test (3)

• 5. If a man is easily taken in by emotional
  traps, he will not be able to make ____
  judgments.
• A) sensitive B) sentimental
• C) sensible D) sensational
• 6. Accidents are of frequent ____ on this
  motorway because the traffic is extremely heavy
  here.
• A) arrival B) proportion
• C) scale D) occurrence

C
D
42
Vocabulary Test (4)

• 7. The statistical figures in that report are not
  ______. You should not refer to them.
• A) accurate B) fixed
• C) delicate D) rigid
• Since many insects have already become ____ to
  DDT, scientists have to look for some new
  insecticide.
• A) active B) resistant
• C) tough D) gradual

A
B
43
Vocabulary Test (5)

• 9. It took millions of years for order to grow
  out of the ____ of the universe.
• A) adjustment B) change
• C) chaos D) profile
• 10. The old man did not seem to attach any
  importance ____ the question.
• A) to B) with
• C) towards D) for

C
A
44
Directions Fill in the blanks with the phrases
given below. Change the form where necessary.
check in agree on put out watchfor after
all in addition to come out of make a
difference resistant to at work turn off
attach to
agreed on

• 1. The two sides have ________ the date of
  negotiation.
• 2. They have been _______ the papers _____ news
  about their new improved product.
• 3. The institution ___________ the University of
  Texas.
• 4. Your support will certainly ______________ in
  our course.
• 5. It is advisable to ________ early to get a
  good seat
• on your flight.

watching
for
is attached to
make a difference
check in
45
check in agree on put out watchfor after
allin addition to come out of make a
difference resistant to at work turn off
attach to
In addition to

• 6. __________ extreme warmth, the rainforests
  also
• need lots of moisture.
• 7. He has been __________ on a book.
• 8. Good reward will certainly _________ your good
  intention.
• 9. No one has come up with an idea as to how to
  improve plants to make them more __________
  disease.
• 10. The firemen quickly ________ the fire.

working on
come out of
resistant to
put out
46
Section B

• Changes
• in the Balance of Nature

47
Table of Contents

• Reading Comprehension
• Vocabulary Study
• Vocabulary Test

48
Comprehension of the Text (1)

• Where was the earth formed from?
• It was formed from a rotating, circular cloud of
  dust and gases.
• When did diverse forms of life arise?
• About 3.5 billion years ago.
• According to scientists, what happened about
  three million years ago?
• The first human beings walked the earth.

49
Comprehension of the Text (2)

• 4. What has enabled people to use Earths
  resources and materials?
• Intelligence and manual skills.
• 5. As the number of people increases, what
  problems are they faced with?
• The amount of land is limited and it is more and
  more difficult to feed such a huge population.
• 6. What kind of life do people in remote areas
  live?
• They live in harmony with the environment.

50
Comprehension of the Text (3)

• 7. What effect does human population growth have
  on the earth?
• It is creating food shortages, problems of air
  quality, and changes in weather patterns.
• 8. What do people all over the world do with the
  earth?
• They realize the causes of the sickness of our
  planet, and seek ways to help it.

51
Words and Expressions
flourish restraint renew accelerate exceed
shortage threat abuse
compare to in accordance with take to in
terms of out of proportion to in harmony
with take advantage of be ignorant of
52
flourish vi. / vt.

• vi. grow or develop successfully ??
• It is beyond dispute that a business cannot
  flourish without good management.
• ????????????????,??????????
• 2. vt. wave sth. in the hand to attract attention
  to it ??
• The driver flourished a street plan, with a
  route marked in red.
• ??????????????,?????????????

53
restraint n.

• restraining ??,??
• She showed great restraint even though he was
  very angry.
• ??????,?????????
• a thing that restrains or controls ????
• He hates the restraints of life in a small town.
• ???????????

54
renew vt.

• replace sth. with sth. new of the same kind
• ??,??
• The trees renew their leaves every spring.
• ?????????????
• put new life or vigor into (sb. / sth.)
• His words soothed her anger and renewed her
  determination.
• ??????????,??????????
• extend the period of time ????
• I renewed the librarys book for another month.
• ?????????????

55
accelerate vt.

• move more quickly, or make sth. happen faster
  ??,??
• Jane stood froze from head to toe and watched
  the car accelerate down the street.
• ??????????,????????????
• Exposure to low-level radiation for a long time
  may accelerate aging and cause cancer.
• ??????????????????????????

56
exceed vt.

• be greater than, or go beyond (a certain limit)
• ??,??
• This months amount of deposits in the bank
  exceeds last months by fifteen percent.
• ?????????????????????
• The results of the experiment exceeded his
  expectation greatly.
• ???????????????

57
shortage n.

• a situation where there is not enough of sth.
  ??,??
• In the developed countries, theres a great
  shortage of labor/work force.
• ????????????
• Serious shortage of circulating fund forced the
  company to close down.
• ?????????????????

58
threat n.

• a person, thing, or idea regarded as a possible
  danger ?????????
• Those people present a true threat to the
  community.
• ???????????????
• an expression of an intention to hurt, punish
• ??,??
• He refused to consider his wifes threat to
  leave him.
• ??????????,???????????

59
abuse vt.

• make bad or wrong use of ??
• Many a government official has abused their
  power and authority, taken bribes and neglected
  their duties, which eventually led to their
  corruption and downfall.
• ??????????,????,????,?????????????
• 2. treat sb. badly ??
• In recent years, child abuse has become a social
  issue which has aroused increasing public concern
  in most countries.
• ???,????????????????????????????

60
ignorant a.

• knowing little or nothing ????
• The workers were completely ignorant of the
  companys financial situation.
• ????????????????
• lacking education ???
• He is an ignorant person ? he always goes
  through a door in front of a lady.
• ?????????????????????????

61
compare to / with ???

• Compared to the place where I grew up, this town
  is exciting.
• ?????????,????????
• I am quite a patient person, compared with him.
• ????,????????

62
in accordance with ?????

• I very much wanted to continue with my students
  but had to get married first in accordance with
  my parents wishes.
• ??????????,??????????????

63
take to ?????

• Many students have taken to playing the
• computer games at net bars for hours on end.
• ??????????????????
• He gave up medicine and took to literature.
• ?????,?????????

64
in terms of ???

• To evaluate a student, we must make our judgment
  in terms of three aspects personality, grades
  as well as his social awareness.
• ???????, ?????????????????????????????

65
out of proportion to ??????

• One of the main reasons for his hopping jobs is
  that his earnings in the previous company were
  out of proportion to his skill and ability.
• ???????????????????????????????????

66
in harmony with ?????

• Their marriage came to an end because they were
  simply not in harmony with each other.
• ??????????,???????

67
take advantage of ??

• The young man took advantage of this good
  opportunity to go on a business trip with the
  boss and gained the bosss favor.
• ?????????????????????????????

68
be ignorant of ???

• The doctor thought that the young girl was
  ignorant of the fact that she had cancer, but she
  wasnt.
• ????????????????????????,????????

69
Vocabulary Test (1)

• Directions Fill in the blanks with the phrases
  given below. Change the
• form where necessary.
• compare to ignorant of take to take
  advantage of in harmony with
• bring about survive on in terms of use up
  out of proportion to
• hunger for in accordance with

ignorant of

• 1. Professor Collins was _________ of the latest
  developments in physics because he had been in
  hospital for several months.
• 2. We are quite at a disadvantage ________
  manpower.
• When he learned of the usefulness of foreign
  languages, he _______ studying English with great
  zeal.
• He ________ biscuits and water in the desert for
  a
• week.

in terms of
took to
survived on
70
compare to ignorant of take to take
advantage of in harmony with bring about
survive on in terms of use up out of
proportion to hunger for in accordance with
in accordance of

• 5. Deeds should be _____________ words.
• The price of this suit is ________________ its
  value.
• Science and technology has ___________ great
  changes in our lives.
• We _____________ of the fine weather to go
  hiking.
• His tastes are ___________ mine.
• _________ kids of his age, he is much more
  intelligent.

out of proportion to
brought about
took advantage of
in harmony of
Compared to
71
Directions Complete each of the following
sentences with the proper form of the word given
in brackets.
ignorant

1. We are, in reality, extremely _______ of the
   various causes of this greatest killer disease.
   (ignore)
2. Occurrences of _______ of water are causing
   distress in some areas. (short)
3. Working day and night is
4. At that time the young man was suffering from
   the _______ of illness and poverty. (restrain)
5. Families with children spend ___________ less
   per person than families without children.
   (proportion)

shortage
restraint
proportionally
72

• 6. We are required to act __________ with his
  instructions. (accord)
• 7. The _______ of modern motor car is an
  interesting subject. (evolve)
• The existence of these weapons _________ the
  future of the world. (threat)
• Parents and children are on _______ sides of
  most arguments. (oppose)
• Most scenes of the film were shot on ________.
  (locate)

accordingly
evolution
threatened
opposing
location
73
Section c

• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

74
Comprehension of the Text (1)

• Choose the best answer to each of the
  following questions
• 1. What do we need to truly change the world for
  the better according to the passage?
• A. All we can do is to preserve the natural
  resources.
• B. We need more facts, not simply more faith,
  to truly change the world for the better.
• C. We need to design historys and the worlds
  safest recycling facilities, garbage dumps and
  facilities for burning rubbish.
• D. We need to make products more durable,
  lighter, more energy efficient and easier to
  repair rather than to replace.

D
75
Comprehension of the Text (2)

• 2. Which of the following statements is true
  according to the passage?
• A. In reality, individuals create more solid
  waste than households.
• B. We were greatly relieved that all of what
  we heard was so superb, and based on such a deep
  understanding of todays true environmental
  problems.
• C. The production of recycled items, like the
  production of any other form of manufactured
  goods, required energy and other resources while
  reducing pollution.
• D. America even has too much garbage dump
  capacity, owing to the fact that we have been
  constructing large regional dumps to
  substitute older smaller local dumps.
•  

B
76
Comprehension of the Text (3)

• Read the text first and then provide short
  answers to the following questions.
• 3. Why does the author disagree with the opinion
  that the earth is in danger?
• They are the 38 respectable Brooklyn, New York
  citizens.
• 4. What are the five myths about the environment
  you can stop believing?
• What made him confused is not that a girl of 28
  was stabbed to death but that there were 38
  so-called respectable citizens who saw the murder
  but didnt call the police.

77
Comprehension of the Text (4)

• 5. How did the author feel after speaking with
  thousands of parents, children and teachers?
• The police stressed that it was simple to
  get in touch with them. a phone call would have
  done it., said one of the policemen.
•