Women Coaches in High School Sport

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Women Coaches in High School Sport

• Anonymous
• Sport Administration
• July 27th, 2004

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Background

• Prior to Title IX, women coaches were paid zero
  dollars for their efforts as junior high, high
  school, and college coaches.
• Before 1972, womens sports were governed under
  separate athletic departments and women held 90
  of coaching and athletic director positions in
  womens sports.

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Background

• Title IX of the 1972 Educational Amendment
  prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender
  in the provision of educational programs and
  activities in all secondary and postsecondary
  educational institutions that receive federal
  funds.
• Participation opportunities
• Scholarship dollars
• Athletic program benefits

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Background

• College Athletes
• 42 of all college athletes are female
• Study body ratio is 46/54
• College Coaches
• 44.1 of the coaches of womens teams are female
• Women hold 57.2 of the paid assistant coaching
  jobs within NCAA athletics

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Background

• High School
• No data on women coaches! However,
• In 1971, 1 of 27 girls participated
• Now, 1 of 2 girls participate in no less than one
  sport in high school
• Making up 42 of all high school athletic
  participation
• Title IX Complaints are now emerging at the high
  school level for noncompliance

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Question

• There has been a decline in the number of women
  coaches at the collegiate level in all divisions
  but an increase in opportunity for female
  participation. Is there an under representation
  of women coaches at the high school level?

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Rationale

• Title IX was enacted 32 years ago, thus producing
  plenty of qualified women to coach and administer
  
• There is an increase in opportunity for girls
• Teams and scholarships
• 1 of 2 girls participate at the high school
  level, however their participation goes without
  strong female leadership and role modeling

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Hypotheses

• Head Coaches of boys athletics are more likely
  to be male
• Head Coaches of combined sports, i.e. cross
  country, track, tennis, are more likely to be
  male
• Head Coaches of girls athletics are more likely
  to be male

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Methods

• Survey based research
• Survey population Athletic Directors of all New
  Mexico High Schools
• Survey will be sent directly to state high
  schools, c/o athletic director.
• NMAA will provide all information necessary for
  schools and administrators

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Example Survey

• Survey Request
• SPORT MALE FEMALE
• Football _____ _____
• Girls BB _____ _____
• Boys BB _____
  _____
• Girls Soc. _____ _____
• Boys Soc. _____
  _____

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Methods
IV Sport
FTBALL GIRLS B-BALL BOYS B-BALL
MALE
FEMALE
IV Gender of Coach
DV Coach Data
For Each Gender
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Variables

• Dependant Variables
• coach data for each gender
• Independent Variables
• Gender of Coach
• Sport
• Broken down into individual sports, both girls
  and boys

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Statistics

• Chi Square X²
• Sample Size
• One Athletic Director per school
• 155 public and private high schools in New Mexico
• Total Subjects 155 ADs

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Chi Square Table

• Percent Coach Data For Each Gender
• Response
• Male
• (n?)
• Female
• (n?)
• Total 100

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Power

• Power is not relevant to my Survey based
  research, yea!

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Limitations

• Lack of surveys returned
• Not all schools can financially fund all 17
  sports
• Lack of AD interest and desire to participate
• Lack of women applying for coaching positions in
  New Mexico

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Findings

• I anticipate to find an overwhelming majority of
  high school coaching positions occupied by males
  despite the high female participation rates
• In addition, I expect to find a majority of
  womens teams coached my males

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References

• Lopiano, Donna. Equity in Womens Sports- A
  Health and Fairness Perspective.
  www.womenssportsfoundations.org
• www.ncaa.org
• Title IX at 30 Report Card on Gender Equity.
  www.ncwge.org
• www.nfhs.org

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Thank You!

• Questions?