Edwin R. Guthrie 1886-1959

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Edwin R. Guthrie1886-1959
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Edwin R. Guthrie1886-1959

• Behavioralist
• Graduate of University of Nebraska
• B.A. in Mathematics
• M.A. in Philosophy
• Graduate of University of Washington
• PhD in Philosophy
• Was 33 years old when he transitioned from
  philosophy to psychology
• Winner Second Gold Medal
• Awarded by the American Psychology Association
  for outstanding lifetime contributions

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Albert Bandura
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University Education

• 1949Bandura received his B.A. degree from the
  University of British Columbia (Isom, 1998)
• 1951M.A. received from the University of Iowa
  (Albert Bandura, n.d., Minot State University)
• 1952Ph.D. received from University of
  Iowaunder the direction of Arthur Benton (who
  was heavily influenced by William James). (Isom,
  1998)

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Honors, Awards, and Achievements

• Bandura has received several honorary degrees
  from universities all over the world. (Moore,
  n.d.)
• 1972
• Recipient of a distinguished achievement award
  from the American Psychological Association
  (Isom, 1998)
• Recipient of a Scientist Award from the
  California State Psychological Association (Isom,
  1998)
• 1974Bandura was elected the president of the
  American Psychological Association (Isom, 1998).

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Honors, Awards, and Achievements (cont.)

• 1977Bandura became known as the Father of the
  Cognitive Theory.
• 1980Elected the president of the Western
  Psychological Association.
• 1988Thorndike Award for Distinguished
  Contributions of Psychology to Education from the
  American Psychological Association.

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Contiguity Theory

• Contiguity theory is a behavioral theory based on
  the work of E. R. Guthrie.
• It proposes that any stimulus and response
  connected in time and/or space will tend to be
  associated.
• States that a combination of stimuli which has
  accompanied a movement will on its recurrence
  tend to be followed by that movement (Guthrie,
  1952).
• Learning is based on a stimulus-response
  association.

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Contiguity Theory

• Examples
• A baseball player wearing a certain pair of socks
  on the day he hits three home runs associates
  wearing the socks and hitting home runs.
• A student making a good grade on a test after
  trying a new study technique makes an association
  between the stimulus of studying and the response
  of getting a good grade.

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Impact

• The impact this theory would have on an adult
  education/training program
• Creating a positive atmosphere and in depth
  learning experience will equate in raised results
• This will, in turn, create a positive association
  with the adult and the training program

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Social Cognitive Theory

• Comprehensive theory that includes motivational
  and self regulatory mechanisms
• Emphasizes the social origins of human thought
  process and behavior
• Emphasizes cognitive influence on behavior,
  rather than conditioning influences from the
  environment

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Social Cognitive Theory

• Human beings have specific abilities related to
  learning that sets them apart from other species.
  
• Social cognitive theory states that there are
  three characteristics that are unique to humans
• Vicarious consequences (Model and imitate others)
• Selfefficacy (self reflection)
• Performance standards and moral conduct (Ability
  to regulate ones own behavior)
• a persons level of motivation is an affective
  state and actions are based more on what they
  believe.
• in order to learn, one must
• pay attention
• be able to retain or remember
• have the ability to reproduce the behavior.

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Impact

• The impact this theory would have on an adult
  education/training program
• Utilizing a more Hands-On approach in an Adult
  Education/Training Program will use this learning
  theory in an effective manner
• Creating the appropriate environment for the
  learner will support this theory

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Works Cited

• Albert Bandura. (n.d.). Retrieved September 12,
  2003 from the Francis Marion University website
  www.fmarion.edu/personality/exper/bandura.htm
• Albert Bandura. (n.d.). Retrieved September 18,
  2003 from the Minot State University website
  http//www.misu.nodak.edu/psych/Burke/book/bandura
  .htm
• Albert Bandura Biographical Sketch. (n.d.).
  Retrieved October 6, 2003 from the Emory
  University website http//www.emory.edu/EDUCATIO
  N/mfp/bandurabio.html

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Works Cited

• Guthrie, E.R. The Psychology of Learning Revised
  Edition. Harper Bros Massachusetts. 1952.
• Wolman, Benjamin B. Handbook of General
  Psychology. Prentice Hall New Jersey. 1973.