Cardiovascular System Chapter 13

1
Cardiovascular SystemChapter 13

• Objectives
• Identify structures and functions of the
  cardiovascular system.
• Trace the flow of blood through the body.

2
Coverings of the Heart

• Pericardium (?)
• Visceral (?)pericardium (epicardium(?))
• Innermost layer
• Covers the heart
• Parietal (?)pericardium
• Outer layer of visceral pericardium
• Forms inner lining of fibrous pericardium
• Fibrous (?)pericardium
• Dense connective tissue attached to central
  portion of diaphragm, posterior of sternum,
  vertebral column, and large blood vessels
  attached to heart

3
(No Transcript)
4
Pericardial Cavity

• Space between parietal and visceral pericardium
  layers
• Filled with serous fluid to reduce friction
  between the membranes as the heart moves

5
Wall of the Heart

• Epicardium
• Outer layer
• Corresponds to visceral pericardium
• Protects heart by reducing friction
• Myocardium
• Thick, middle layer
• Consists mostly of cardiac muscle tissue that
  pumps blood out of the heart chambers
• Endocardium
• Inner layer
• Epithelium and connective tissue

6
Heart Chambers Valves

• ????
• Four hollow chambers
• Upper chambers atria (atrium)
• Lower chambers ventricles
• Atria
• Thin walls
• Receive blood returning to the heart
• Ventricles
• Receive blood from the atria
• Contract to force blood out of the heart into the
  arteries

7
Heart Chambers Valves, continued..

• Left atrium and ventricle are separated from the
  right atrium and ventricle by a solid, wall-like
  septum.
• Atrioventricular valve separates ???
• Tricuspid valve
• on the right
• 3 cusps
• Bicuspid valve (mitral valve)
• on the left
• 2 cusps
• Allows blood to flow ONLY from atrium to
  ventricular no backflow

8
Heart Chambers Valves, continued..

• Right atrium receives blood from
• Superior vena cava (???)
• Inferior vena cava (???)
• Coronary sinus small vein that drains blood
  from the myocardium
• Right ventricle
• Thinner muscular wall than the left ventricle
• Only has to pump blood to the lungs
• Blood leaves the ventricle through the pulmonary
  valve, and enters the pulmonary trunk, which
  divides into the left and right pulmonary
  arteries.

9
Heart Chambers Valves, continued..

• Left atrium receives blood from the lungs through
  4 pulmonary veins.
• Blood leaves the left ventricle through the
  aortic valve, into the aorta.
• Ventricular wall is thicker has to pump blood
  to the rest of the body

10
Sketch Label the Valves
11
Label the Exterior Heart