The World Wide Web and the Internet

1
The World Wide Web and the Internet
MIS XLM.B

• Jack G. Zheng
• May 13th 2008

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Overview

• The Internet
• World Wide Web
• Searching on the Web

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Introduction

• The Internet
• a world-wide network of networks and computers
  based on IP (Internet Protocol)
• World Wide Web, or Web
• An Internet application based on HTTP protocol

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The Internet
Image source www.wagoneers.com
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Internet Putting It Together
Internet backbone
Adapted from figure B.8 on page 114
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How are computers connected world wide?

• The Internet Backbone
• Major sets of connections
• Who operates the Internet backbone?
• Network service provider (NSP)
• Also called backbone operator, usually providing
  services to ISPs
• MCI, ATT, (see more here)
• ISP (internet service provider) is a company that
  provides individuals, organizations, and
  businesses access to the Internet
• Biggest ISP1
• AOL 22.2M users MSN 8.7M (2003) Comcast
  7.0M EarthLink 5.4M SBC 5.1M
• GSU? GSU wireless access http//wireless.gsu.edu

1 Data from http//www.isp-planet.com/research/ra
nkings/usa_h.html (Q4 2004)
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Internet Servers and Applications

• Internet server computer provides information and
  services on the Internet
• Web server
• Mail server
• FTP (file transfer protocol) server
• Router
• Connects different networks (routing)
• Client computer

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Internet Communication Protocols

• Communication protocol is a set of rules and
  format to transfer information
• TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet
  protocol)
• The featured protocol of the Internet
• Application protocols
• HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol)
• FTP (file transfer protocol)

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World Wide Web
Total Sites Across All Domains September 1995 -
June 2005
Source http//news.netcraft.com
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Understanding WWW

• Some history
• Tim Berners-Lee, the creator of the Web (1989)
• Read more
• http//www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/
• http//www.slac.stanford.edu/history/earlyweb/
• Three most important things for Web
• HTML (hypertext markup language)
• HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol)
• URL or URI (uniform resource locator)

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Domain Name

• Domain Name System (DNS)
• A system that provides the mapping between IP and
  domain name
• Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and
  Numbers (ICANN)
• Top-level domains
• 2 letter country code us, uk, jp, ca, au, cn,
• Created in 1980
• .com commercial or for-profit business
• .net Internet administrative organization
• .org professional or non-profit organization
• .edu educational institution
• .gov U.S. government agency
• .int international treaties organization
• .mil U.S. military organization
• Created in 2000
• coop, info, biz, museum, name, pro, aero

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Understanding URL

• http//www2.gsu.edu/wwwaux/panthercard/index.htm
• The complete link is a URL
• http is the protocol
• www2.gsu.edu is the domain
• www2.gsu.edu/wwwaux/ is the web site (of GSU
  Auxiliary and Support Services)
• index.htm is the actual file (web page).

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Web Server

• Web server
• Web server hosts websites, providing files and
  applications (services)

• Web applications
• software applications delivered through web
  technologies (HTTP, HTML, web server, browser,
  ...)
• Examples
• Searching
• Shopping
• News
• Forum
• Survey
• BLog

Market Share for Top Servers Across All Domains.
Source netcraft.com
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Web Client (Browser)

• Web browser software (web client)
• Provides a web interface for users
• It understands HTML, scripts and works with other
  plug-ins
• Web browser products
• WorldWideWeb
• Internet Explorer (Microsoft)
• Mozilla (formerly Netscape Navigator)
• Firefox

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Searching on the Web

• Two major ways to seek information on the web
• Searching using a true search engine
• Navigating using structures, such as
  directories, site maps, indexes
• Search engine an application that indexes and
  organizes resources on the web for people to
  search
• Directory search engine
• Yahoo! Directory
• Google Directory (open directory
  http//dmoz.org/)
• Automated search engine
• Automated search engine uses software agent (web
  crawler) technologies to search the Web and put
  resources into databases then users search by
  key words or other criteria

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Web Resources

• Histories
• http//livinginternet.com
• http//www.netvalley.com/intvalconcl.html
• About search engine
• http//searchenginewatch.com/
• How does DNS work
• http//www.howstuffworks.com/dns.htm
• Internet access information
• http//www.dslreports.com