The Restoration Colonies

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The Mid-Atlantic and Southern Colonies
Mr. G.Grace Christian Academy of Maryland
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New York
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Settling the Middle Colonies
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Henry Hudsons Voyages
An English explorer employed by a Dutch company
sailed up the river that now bears his name He,
his son and 8 other loyal crewmen were left
abandoned by the rest of his crew
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New Netherlands

• New Netherlands ? founded in the Hudson River
  area (1623-1624)
• Not founded for religious reasons-Established by
  Dutch West India Company for quick-profit fur
  trade.
• Company wouldnt pay much attention to the
  colony.
• The island of Manhattan New Amsterdam
• Purchased by Company (Peter Minuit) from Indians
  for only pennies per (22,000) acre. (24)

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New Amsterdam, 1660

• Characteristics of New Amsterdam
• Aristocratic ? patroonships feudal estates
  granted to rich guys who would settle 50 people
  on them.
• Cosmopolitan ? diverse population with many
  different languages.

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New York Manors Land Grants Patroonships
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New Netherlands New Sweden
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Swedish Settlement

• Mid-1600s ? Sweden settled small, under-funded
  colony called New Sweden near New Netherland
  in the lower Delaware River Valley.
• Introduced log cabins
• 1655 ? Dutch under director-general Peter
  Stuyvesant attacked New Sweden.
• Fort Christina (Wilmington, DE fell after
  bloodless siege.
• New Sweden absorbed by New Netherland.

10
New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Colony

• Charles II granted New Netherlands land to his
  brother, the Duke of York, before he controlled
  the area!
• 1664 ? English soldiers arrived.
• Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses.
• Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a
  shot-people didnt want to fight.
• Renamed New York
• England gained strategic harbor between her
  northern southern colonies.
• England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

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Duke of Yorks Original Charter
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New Amsterdam, 1664
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Dutch Influence in New York
Early 20c Dutch Revival Building in NYC.
New York Cityseal.

• Names ? Harlem, Brooklyn
• Architecture ? gambrel roof
• Customs ? Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles,
  bowling, sleighing, skating, kolf golf.

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Pennsylvania
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The Quakers

• Called Quakers because they quaked from deep
  religious emotion
• Persecuted in England and in other colonies
• Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of
  England.
• No paid pastor
• Keep hats on.
• Addressed them as commoners ? thees/thous.
• Wouldnt take oaths.
• Pacifists (anti-war).

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William Penn

• Wealthy Englishman.
• 1660 attracted tothe Quaker faith.after
  military service.
• 1681 ? he received agrant from king toestablish
  a colony.
• This settled a debt the king owed his father.
• Named Pennsylvania Penns Woodland.
• He sent out paid agents and advertised for
  settlers ? his pamphlets were pretty honest.
• attracted many immigrants.

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Royal Land Grant to Penn
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Penn Native Americans

• Bought didnt simply take land from Indians.
• Quakers went among the Indians unarmed.
• Founded Philadelphia-the city of brotherly love
• BUT.. non-Quaker Europeans flooded PA
• Treated native peoples poorly.
• Many Germans migrated to PA
• Religious freedom for all

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Penns Treaty with theNative Americans
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Pennsylvanian Society

• Diverse
• No restrictions on immigration-anybody could
  come.
• No slavery!!
• Blue Laws? against stage plays, cards, dice,
  excessive hilarity, etc.

A society that gave its citizens economic
opportunity, civil liberty, religious freedom!!
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Philadelphia Boston Compared
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Urban Population Growth1650 - 1775
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New Jersey
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New Jersey PAs Neighbor

• 1664 ?rich businessmen recvd. the area from the
  Duke of York.
• Many New Englanders because of worn out rocky
  soil moved to NJ.
• 1674 ? West NJ sold to Quakers.
• East NJ eventually acquired by Quakers.
• 1702 ? E W NJ combined into NJ and created one
  colony.

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Delaware
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Delaware PAs Neighbor The 3 Lower Counties of
PA

• Named after Lord De La Warr harsh military
  governor of VA in 1610.
• Closely associated with Penns colony.
• 1703 ? granted its own assembly.
• Remained under the control of PA until the
  American Revolution.

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Ethnic Groups
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The Carolinas
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The West Indies ? Weigh Station to Mainland
America

• 1670 ? a group of small English farmers from the
  Barbados arrived in the Carolinas.
• Overcrowding, disease and natural disasters in
  Barbados
• Brought a few black slaves and a model of the
  Barbados slave code with them.
• The colony was originally named in honor of King
  Charles I, as Carolus is Latin for Charles.
• They hoped to use Carolina to supply their
  plantations in Barbados with food and export
  wine, silk, and olive oil to Europe.

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Settling the Lower South
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Port of Charles Town, SC

• Also named for King Charles II of England.
• Became the busiest port in the South.
• City with richy feel.
• Religious toleration attracted diverse
  inhabitants.
• Called Charleston today

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Crops of the Carolinas Rice

• Rice was still an exotic food in England.
• Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West
  African slaves.
• These slaves had a genetic trait that made them
  immune to malaria.
• By 1710 ? black slaves were a majority in
  Carolina.

American Long Grain Rice
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Crops of theCarolinas Indigo

• In colonial times, the main use for indigo was as
  a dye for spun cotton threads that were woven
  into cloth for clothes.
• Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye
  for cotton work clothes blue jeans.

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Rice Indigo Exportsfrom SC GA 1698-1775
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Georgia
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18c Southern Colonies
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Late-Coming Georgia

• Founded in 1733.
• Last of the 13 colonies.
• Named in honor of King George II.
• Founded by James Oglethorpe.

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Georgia--The Buffer Colony

• Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia
• As a buffer between the valuable Carolinas
  Spanish Florida French Louisiana.
• Export silk and wine.
• A haven for debtors thrown in to prison.
• Determined to keep slavery out!
• Slavery found in GAby 1750.

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The Port City of Savannah

• Diverse community.
• All Christians except Catholics enjoyed religious
  toleration.
• Missionaries worked among debtors and Indians ?
  most famous was John Wesley.