Section 1: Cell Discovery and Theory

1
Chapter 7 Notes Cellular Structure and
FunctionTargets 1-7 (Sections 7.1 7.3)

• Section 1 Cell Discovery and Theory

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The Discovery of the Cell
T 2

• 1665 Robert Hooke
• Looked at cork under a microscope used the word
  cell to describe what he saw
• Discovered and named the cell
• 1673 Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• First to study living cells under microscope

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The Cell Theory
T 1, 3

• All living things are made of cells
• The cell is the basic unit of structure and
  function in living things
• All cells can only come from other living cells
• Reminder Living things exhibit levels of
  organization. Cells make up tissues, tissues make
  up organs, organs make up organ systems, organ
  systems make up multicellular organisms.

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Viruses vs. Cells (Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic)
Virus Prokaryote (bacteria) Eukaryote (animal/plant)
Do they grow develop? No Yes Yes
Do they use energy respire? No Yes Yes
Do they respond to stimuli? No Yes Yes
Do they reproduce? No, not without a host Yes Yes
Do they evolve? Yes Yes Yes
Are they alive? No Yes Yes
T 4
5
How big are they compared to one another?
Virus
T 4
6
Viruses

• Major Structures
• Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
• Protein shell or coat
• Sometimes an envelope
• Complexity and Organization
• No complexity
• No organization
• How do we get more viruses?
• Can not reproduce without a host
• Is it a cell?
• Not a cell
• Ex Ebola, West Nile, Chicken Pox, Herpes

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Prokaryotic Cells
T 6

• Pro implies old, meaning this is an older form
  of a cell
• Major Structures
• Free floating DNA within cytoplasm (NO nucleus)
• Cell Membrane Cell Wall
• Usually DNA is in a loop (nucleoid)
• Complexity and Organization
• No organization
• No complexity
• How do we get more prokaryotic cells?
• Cell reproduces
• Is it a cell? Yes.
• Always a Single-Celled organism
• Ex Bacteria i.e. E.coli

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Major Parts of Prokaryotic Cells

• Plasmid/DNA (Nucleoid)
• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane
• Cell wall
• Flagella
• Pili
• Capsule

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Eukaryotic Cells
T 6

• Eu implies new, this is a newer form or a cell
• Major Structures
• DNA is found within a nucleus
• Contains membrane bound organelles
• Complexity and Organization
• Highly organized
• Complex
• How do we get more eukaryotic cells?
• Cell reproduces
• Is it a cell? Yes.
• Single-cell or
• Multi-celled organisms
• Ex Plants, Animals (You), Protozoa, Fungi

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Major Parts of All Eukaryotic Cells

• Nucleus
• Nuclear membrane
• Nucleolus
• DNA (chromatin vs. chromatid)
• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane
• Membrane-bound Organelles
• mitochondria
• endoplasmic reticulum
• ribosomes
• Golgi apparatus
• lysosomes
• vacuoles

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Eukaryotic Cells Plant or Animal (or Fungus or
Protist)
T 5
Animal Cells -Centrioles -Flagella/Cilia -have
vacuoles, just smaller
Plant Cells -Cell Walls -Chloroplasts -Large
central vacuole
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Chapter 7 Notes Cellular Structure and
FunctionPart 1 - Continued

• Section 3 Structures and Organelles

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Cell Organelles and their Functions
T 7

• Cell membrane selectively permeable controls
  what enters and leaves
• Mitochondria creates cell energy
• Nucleus controls the cell where DNA is located

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Cell Organelles and their Functions
T 7

• Cell Wall outside of plant cells provide
  support and structure
• Chloroplast site of photosynthesis in plant
  cells only