ORACLE and SQLPlus

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ORACLE and SQLPlus

• University of California, Berkeley
• School of Information Management and Systems
• SIMS 257 Database Management

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Lecture Outline

• Review
• Databases for Web Applications Overview
• ColdFusion
• PHP
• DiveShop in ColdFusion
• Introduction to ORACLE and SQL-Plus

3
Lecture Outline

• Review
• Databases for Web Applications Overview
• ColdFusion
• PHP
• DiveShop in ColdFusion
• Introduction to ORACLE and SQL-Plus

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Dynamic Web Applications 2
5
Server Interfaces
Adapted from John P Ashenfelter, Choosing a
Database for Your Web Site
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Web Application Server Software

• ColdFusion
• PHP
• ASP
• All of the are server-side scripting languages
  that embed code in HTML pages

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What ColdFusion is Good for

• Putting up databases onto the Web
• Handling dynamic databases (Frequent updates,
  etc)
• Making databases searchable and updateable by
  users.

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Templates

• Assume we have a database named
  contents_of_my_shopping_cart.mdb -- single table
  called contents...
• Create an HTML page (uses extension .cfm), before
  ltHEADgt...
• ltCFQUERY NAME cart" DATASOURCEcontents_of_my_s
  hopping_cart"gt SELECT FROM contents
  lt/CFQUERYgt

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Templates cont.

• ltHEADgt
• ltTITLEgtContents of My Shopping Cartlt/TITLEgt
• lt/HEADgt
• ltBODYgt
• ltH1gtContents of My Shopping Cartlt/H1gt
• ltCFOUTPUT QUERY cart"gt
• ltBgtItemlt/Bgt ltBRgt
• Date_of_item ltBRgt
• Price ltPgt
• lt/CFOUTPUTgt
• lt/BODYgt
• lt/HTMLgt

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Templates cont.
Contents of My Shopping Cart
Bouncy Ball with Psychedelic Markings
12 December 1998
0.25
Shiny Blue Widget 14
December 1998 2.53
Large Orange Widget
14 December 1998
3.75
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CFIF and CFELSE
ltCFOUTPUT QUERY cart"gt Item Item
ltBRgt ltCFIF Picture EQ""gt ltIMG
SRCgeneric_picture.jpg"gt ltBRgt ltCFELSEgt
ltIMG SRC"Picture"gt ltBRgt lt/CFIFgt lt/CFOUTPUTgt
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PHP

• PHP is an Open Source Software project with many
  programmers working on the code.
• Commonly paired with MySQL, another OSS project
• Free
• Both Windows and Unix support
• Estimated that more than 250,000 web sites use
  PHP as an Apache Module.

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PHP Syntax

• Similar to ASP
• Includes most programming structures (Loops,
  functions, Arrays, etc.)
• Loads HTML form variables so that they are
  addressable by name

ltHTMLgtltBODYgt lt?php myvar Hello World
echo myvar ?gt lt/BODYgtlt/HTMLgt
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Combined with MySQL

• DBMS interface appears as a set of functions

ltHTMLgtltBODYgt lt?php db mysql_connect(localhost
, root) mysql_select_db(mydb,db) result
mysql_query(SELECT FROM employees,
db) Printf(First Name s ltbrgt\n,
mysql_result(result, 0 first) Printf(Last
Name s ltbrgt\n, mysql_result(result, 0
last) ?gtlt/BODYgtlt/HTMLgt
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Lecture Outline

• Review
• Databases for Web Applications Overview
• ColdFusion
• PHP
• DiveShop in ColdFusion
• Introduction to ORACLE and SQL-Plus

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ColdFusion Diveshop

• Examples from Fusion

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Lecture Outline

• Review
• Databases for Web Applications Overview
• ColdFusion
• PHP
• DiveShop in ColdFusion
• Introduction to ORACLE and SQL-Plus

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Today

• Getting started with ORACLE and SQL-- see
  assignment on website
• More on SQL and SQLPlus for data manipulation and
  modification
• Getting Started with ORACLE.

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SELECT

• Syntax
• SELECT DISTINCT attr1, attr2,, attr3 as
  label, function(xxx), calculation, attr5, attr6
  FROM relname1 r1, relname2 r2, rel3 r3 WHERE
  condition1 AND OR condition2 ORDER BY attr1
  DESC, attr3 DESC

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CREATE SYNONYM

• CREATE SYNONYM newname FOR oldname
• CREATE SYNONYM BIOLIFE for ray.BIOLIFE

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SELECT Conditions

• equal to a particular value
• gt greater than or equal to a particular value
• gt greater than a particular value
• lt less than or equal to a particular value
• ltgt not equal to a particular value
• LIKE wom_n (Note different wild card)
• IN (opt1, opt2,,optn)

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Aggregate Functions

• COUNT(dataitem)
• AVG(numbercolumn)
• SUM(numbercolumn)
• MAX(numbercolumn)
• MIN(numbercolumn)
• STDDEV(numbercolumn)
• VARIANCE(numbercolumn)

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Numeric Functions

• ABS(n)
• ACOS(n)
• ASIN(n)
• ATAN(n)
• ATAN2(n, m)
• CEIL(n)
• COS(n)
• COSH(n)

• ROUND(n)
• SIGN(n)
• SIN(n)
• SINH(n)
• SQRT(n)
• TAN(n)
• TANH(n)
• TRUNC(n,m)

• EXP(n)
• EXP(n)
• FLOOR(n)
• LN(n)
• LOG(m,n)
• MOD(n)
• POWER(m,n)

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Character Functions returning character values

• CHR(n)
• CONCAT(char1,char2)
• INITCAP(char)
• LOWER(char)
• LPAD(char, n,char2), RPAD(char, n,char2)
• LTRIM(char, n, cset), RTRIM(char, n, cset)

• REPLACE(char, srch, repl)
• SOUNDEX(char)
• SUBSTR(char, m, n)
• SUBSTRB(char, m, n)
• TRANSLATE(char, from, to)
• UPPER(char)

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Character Function returning numeric values

• ASCII(char)
• INSTR(char1, char2,m, n)
• INSTRB(char1, char2,m, n)
• LENGTH(char)
• LENGTHB(char)

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Date functions

• ADD_MONTHS(dt, n)
• LAST_DAY(d)
• MONTHS_BETWEEN(d1, d2)
• NEW_TIME(d, z1, z2) -- PST, AST, etc.
• NEXT_DAY(d, dayname)
• ROUND(d, fmt) -- century, year etc.
• SYSDATE
• TRUNC(d, fmt) -- century, year, etc.

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Conversion Functions

• CHARTOROWID(char)
• CONVERT(char, dchar, schar)
• HEXTORAW(char)
• RAWTOHEX(raw)
• ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid)
• TO_CHAR (date, fmt)
• TO_DATE(char, fmt)

• TO_NUMBER(char,fmt)
• TO_MULTIBYTE(char)
• TO_SINGLE_BYTE(char)

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Create Table

• CREATE TABLE table-name (attr1 attr-type
  CONSTRAINT constr1 PRIMARY KEY, attr2 attr-type
  CONSTRAINT constr2 NOT NULL,, attrM attr-type
  CONSTRAINT constref REFERENCES owner.tablename(att
  rname) ON DELETE CASCADE, attrN attr-type
  CONSTRAINT constrN CHECK (attrN UPPER(attrN),
  attrO attr-type DEFAULT default_value)
• Adds a new table with the specified attributes
  (and types) to the database.
• NOTE that the CONSTRAINT and name parts are
  optional)

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Create Table

• CREATE TABLE table-name (
• attr1 attr-type PRIMARY KEY,
• attr2 attr-type NOT NULL,
• , attrM attr-type REFERENCES
  owner.tablename(attrname) ON DELETE CASCADE,
• attrN attr-type CHECK (attrN UPPER(attrN)
• attrO attr-type DEFAULT default_value)
• Without CONSTRAINT and name parts

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Types

• VARCHAR2(size)
• NUMBER(p, s)
• LONG -- long char data
• DATE -- from 4712BC to 4714 AD
• RAW(size) -- binary
• LONG RAW -- large binary
• ROWID -- row reference
• CHAR(size) -- fixed length characters

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Alter Table

• ALTER TABLE table-name ADD attr1 attr-type
• ALTER TABLE table-name ADD attr1 CONSTRAINT xxx
  constrainvalue
• ALTER TABLE table-name MODIFY attr1
  optiontochange
• ALTER TABLE table-name DROP COLUMN attr1
• Adds, drops or modifies a column in an existing
  database table.
• Note constrainvalue is any column constraint
  like PRIMARY KEY, REFERENCES, etc.

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INSERT

• INSERT INTO table-name (attr1, attr4, attr5,,
  attrK) VALUES (val1, val4, val5,, valK)
• OR
• INSERT INTO table-name SELECT col1, col2, col3 as
  newcol2, col4 FROM xx, yy WHERE where-clause
• Adds a new row(s) to a table.

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DELETE

• DELETE FROM table-name WHERE ltwhere clausegt
• Removes rows from a table.

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UPDATE

• UPDATE tablename SET attr1newval, attr2
  newval2 WHERE ltwhere clausegt
• changes values in existing rows in a table (those
  that match the WHERE clause).

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DROP Table

• DROP TABLE tablename
• Removes a table from the database.

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CREATE INDEX

• CREATE UNIQUE INDEX indexname ON tablename
  (attr1 ASCDESC, attr2 ASCDESC, ...)
• Adds an index on the specified attributes to a
  table

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System Information In ORACLE

• Find all of the tables for a user
• SELECT FROM ALL_CATALOG WHERE OWNER userid
• SELECT FROM USER_CATALOG (or CAT)
• Show the attributes and types of data for a
  particular table
• DESCRIBE tablename

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Running commands

• Create file with SQL and SQLPlus commands in it.
• Use a plain text editor and NOT a word processor
  (or save as text only)
• Give the file the extension .sql
• From inside SQLPlus type
• START filename

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Simple formatting in SQLPlus

• SET PAGESIZE 500
• SET LINESIZE 79
• PROMPT stuff to put out to screen
• TTITLE title to put at top of results
• COLUMN col_name HEADING New Name

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Outputting results as a file

• SPOOL filename
• Commands
• SPOOL STOP
• File will be created with everything between the
  SPOOL commands

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Lecture Outline

• Review
• Databases for Web Applications Overview
• ColdFusion
• PHP
• DiveShop in ColdFusion
• Introduction to ORACLE and SQL-Plus
• Assignment 3

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Assignment 3

• Assignment 3 and additional instructions are on
  the Web site
• Use ORACLE and SQL to answer the following
  DiveShop queries
• What are the names and addresses of the diveshop
  customers who are renting snorkels?
• What are the names of the wildlife that Mary
  Rioux might see on her trip. Are there any
  Shipwrecks there (give names)?
• What sunken ships might be candidates for
  treasure hunters whose destination is New Jersey?
• Who is paying the maximum amount for single type
  of rental equipment (use price quantity to
  determine amount)?
• At how many sites might you see a "Nassau
  Grouper"?

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Assignment 3 (cont)

• What are the names of customers who are paying in
  cash?
• Produce a list of all equipment being rented for
  a dive vacation that costs more than 30000, make
  the list in descending order of the rental price
  of the equipment.
• Who is renting teal colored equipment?
• Which locations have an average temperature of
  more than 75 degrees farenheit and a travel cost
  of under 4000?
• Make up two queries of your own and run them turn
  in the queries and the results.