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• Stephen T. Sonis, Principles and Practice of oral
  medicine, 1995,W.B.Saunders,Philadephia
  

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) in OMF

• Cancer is the second cause of death
• Oral cancer has high morbidity and high
  mortality
• Early detection and treatment can minimize them
• More than 90 of oral cancer are SCC
• Oral cancer is 3 in all cancers

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Clinical characteristics

• Variety of clinical presentations
• ulcer, leukoplakia, exophytic forms
• Location
• 38-lower lip, 22-tongue, 17- mouth
  floor
• gingiva, palate, tonsil, buccal mucosa,
• Behavior
• SCC local invasion and regional
  metastasis

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Diagnosis of oral cancer

• Biopsy, cellular smear, toluidine blue staining
• Biopsy offers the most important information
  leading to diagnosis
• aspiration (fine needle aspiration)
• resection (punch, frozen section)

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Prognosis of oral cancer

• Depends on follow factors
• size, extent, location, nodal involvement
• Response (effect) to cancer treatment
• -- 5 years survival rate
• Lower lip 84 (localized-87, lymph-66)
• Overall 5 years survival rates of oral cancer
  54, tongue is worsre

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Staging of oral cancer
Stage I T1N0M0
Stage II T2N0M0
Stage III T3N0M0 or any T with N1M0
Stage IV Any T with N2/N3 Or any T/N withM1
T1lt2cm, 2cmlt T2lt4cm, T3gt4cm
(AJCC, 1995)
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5 years survival rate of oral cancer in USA
(1983-1990)

• Overall 5 year 52.5
• Female 58
• Male 50
• Whites 55
• Blacks 34
• Black(M) 28, Black(F) 47

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Survival rates

• Kochi, Japan (1994-2004), 260 cases
• Total 5 yrs survival rate is 73.6 T1,2 is
  81.1 T3 is 73.3 T4 is
  55.4
• Average 5 yrs survival in Japan is 65-70
• 64.7 in Shanghai (1999)

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Davos