What is TNM?

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(No Transcript)
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What is TNM?
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TNM is a system for classifying malignant tumours
It is a cancer staging system, which describes
the extent of a person's cancer
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Most types of cancer have TNM designations, but
some do not1
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Most medical facilities use this system as their
main method for cancer reporting1
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1. National Cancer Institute, Cancer Staging, 2010

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How does the TNM system work?
The 3 parameters of the TNM system1 T
extent of the tumour N the extent of spread
to the lymph nodes M presence of distant
metastases
A number is added to each letter to
indicate1 the size or extent of the primary
tumour the extent of cancer spread

1. National Cancer Institute, Cancer Staging, 2010

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T extent of primary tumour
T is classified as follows1 Tx Primary tumour
cannot be evaluated T0 No evidence of
primary tumour Tis Carcinoma in situ (CIS)2
T1, T2, T3, T4 Size and/or extent of the primary
tumour
T3
organ
local tissues

1. National Cancer Institute, Cancer Staging, 2010
2. CIS abnormal cells are present but have not
   spread to neighbouring tissue although not
   cancer, CIS may become cancer and is sometimes
   called pre-invasive cancer

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N extent of spread to lymph nodes
N is classified as follows1 Nx Regional lymph
nodes cannot be evaluated N0 No local lymph
node involvement N1 Tumour has spread to local
lymph nodes N2, N3 Involvement of local and
distant lymph nodes (number of lymph nodes and/or
extent of spread)
N2
distant nodes
local nodes

1. National Cancer Institute, Cancer Staging, 2010

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M presence of distant metastases
M is classified as follows1 Mx Distant
metastasis cannot be evaluated M0 No distant
metastasis M1 Distant metastasis is present
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1. National Cancer Institute, Cancer Staging, 2010