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1
?????? 2. ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????
?????????? ???????????????? ????????????????
2
??????? ????
  1. ???? ??????????? ?????? ????? ? ??????????
    ???????????????? ????????????????
  2. ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ??????????????
    ?????? ?????

3
???? ??????????? ?????? ?????
  • ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ? ?????
  • ??????????????? ?????????????? (?? ????? ?????
    ???????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??? ???????
    ???????)
  • ?????????? (????? ?????? ????????? ???????????
    ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????)
  • ?????? ??????? (??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????
    ????? ?????? ??????)
  • ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????.
  • ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?
    ??????????????? ????? ???????? ?????????
  • ??????? ???????? Waterman ? Parker Pen Holdings
    (1993). ??????????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????
    ?????????????????? ??????
  • ???? ?????? (????????? ??????) ????? ???
    ???????.

4
??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????
?? ???????? ????? (2010)
  • ???????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???????
    ?????? ???????? ? ????????? structure-conduct-pef
    ormance
  • ???????? ??????????
  • ??????????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ?????
  • ????? ????? ? ?????????? ????????????
  • ??????? ?????
  • ?????????????? ????????? ???????????

5
??? ???????? ??????? ? ???? ????????????
  • ??????? ??????
  • ???????????
  • ??????????????
  • ????????????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?
    ??? ???????????. ????????? ??????? ????????????
  • ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????
    ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????, ? ????? ???
    ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????
    ??????????. ???????? ???????, ??? ??? ??????????
    ?????? ????????. ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?
    ???????????? ???????? ??????, ????????? ???????,
    ????????? ???? ? ??? (?.?.?????????. ??????
    ?????????? ?.317) ????????? ???????????? ?????
    ???????

6
???? ??????????????? ??????????? (SSNIP small
but significant and non-transitory price increase)
  • ?????????? ????, ??? ?? ????? ? ?????????
    ??????????. ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????????,
    ?? ???????? ???????? (5), ???????? ?? ??? ?
    ???????? ??? ????????
  • ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ????????????
    ????? ??????????? (?? 20)?
  • ?????? ????? ??????????? ?? ???????/ ????????
    ??????? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????,
    ??? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??????????
  • ???????? ? ? ??????????? , ? ? ??????????????
    ??????
  • ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????????????????
    ?????! ???????????? ????????
  • ???? ?????? ???????? DuPont (1956) ??? ???????,
    ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??
    ????? ?????????, ????????? ??? ??????????????,
    ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????
    ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????
  • ?????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ???????????
    ??????????? ???? (???????, ??????????? ?????????
    ??????????? ?? ??????????? ????)

7
???????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????
??????????? ??????????, ?? ??-?? ????????
???????? ??????, ? ?? ??????
????
????? ?????????
?????
???-??
8
????? ?? ???????? ???? SSNIP ????? ?????????
????????????????
  • ?????? ? ???????? ??? ?? ???????
  • ??????? ????? ???????????????, ??? ?? ???????,
    ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? 10 ?????????? ??
    ???????-?????????, ?? ?????? ? ??????????????
    ???????
  • ?????????? ????????? ????
  • ???? ?????? ? ? ? ???????? ????????????, ?? ????
    ???? ?? ? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?, ???
    ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?.
  • ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???
  • ????????????
  • ???? ???????? (??????????? ?? ????????)

9
??????? ????????????? ??????, ?????????? ?? ?????
  • ?orrelation, causality and all that JazzWerden,
    Froeb
  • ?????? I ???? (???????? ???????? ? ??????????????
    ? ?????? ????? ???????????)
  • ?????? ??????????
  • ??????? ????? ???????? (???? ? ????????)
  • ?????? II ???? (?????? ???????? ? ??????????????
    ? ?????? ????? ???????????)
  • ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ? ?? ????? ??
    ? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ? ???????????.
    ???, ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? (??.
    ????????? ?????) ?????????? ????? ????? 0.
  • ??????? ? ????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??
    ??? ?????? ?????

10
?????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ???
11
?????? ???????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ???
12
?????????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ? ????????
  • ?? ?????? ??? ????????????, ?? ? ??? ?????????
    ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????????
    ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???
    ??????????????? ???????????, ????????
    ???????????? ??????, ??? ????-?? ? ???-?? ???
    ????????
  • ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????
    ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????

13
??????? ? ????????? ? ?????? ???????????
???????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????
  • ?????????? ?? ?? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?, ????
    ??? ???? ????????? ?? 10?
  • ???????? 1 ?????????? ? ???????? ?????
    ????????????? ?????? (? ????????????)
    ???????????? ?????? ??.?????????. ???? ??
    ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ??
    ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????
  • ???????? 2 ?????????? ??????????? ?? ???????
    ?????????????? ????? (?????????? ?????????????),
    ? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????????
    , ?? ??? ? ??????????? ??????????????
    ????????????? ?????????? ???????????
  • ???????? 3 ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????
    ??????, ? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????????
    ????????? ???????

14
????????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????
??????? ?????? ???????????, ???? ?? ???????? ????
?? 10? (???????? ?.?.)
15
????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????
  • ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????, ???? ????
    ???????? ?? 10 (??? ???????, ??? ???? ??????
    ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????????)
  • ??? ?? ???????, ??? ????????? ???????? ??????,
    ???? ???? ???????? ?? 10 (? ??????????
    ???????)? ???? ???? ???????? ? 1.5 ???? -
    ????????
  • ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????
    ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ????????
  • ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????, ??? ????? ???
    ??????????? ?????????? ?????????

16
??????????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????
????????????
  • ????? ??????? ???????????????????? ?????????
    ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????, ????
    ????? ????????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ?
    ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????
  • ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????
    ??? ?????? ??????? ??????, ????? ?????? ???
    ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????
  • ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????, ?????
    ????????????? ? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????
  • ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?
    ????????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????

17
??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????
????????????
  • ???????????? ???????????? ??????
  • ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????
  • ????????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ? ????
    ????????????
  • ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????
    (nested logit ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??
    ??????????? ????) ???? ?????? ????????????,
    ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????
    ?????????? ?????-???????
  • ??????????? ??????????? ???????, ????????? ?
    ????????????? ? ??????? ??????????

18
??????????? ?????? ????????????
  • ??? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ????? (??
    ?????? ???????? ????????????? ??????, ?? ??????
    ????? ???????? ????????? ???????)
  • ????????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????
    ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????
    ????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ? ?????????? ?????
    ???????????
  • ??? ????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????????
    ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???? (?
    ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????
    ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????)

19
?????????????? ???????????? ??? ???????????
?????? ?????
  • Critical elasticity of demand ???????????
    ???????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????
    ????????????, ??? ??????? ??????????????
    ?????????? ??????? ???? ? ???????? ?? 10. ????
    ?????????? ???????????? ???? ???????????, ??
    ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????
    ???????????????? ????????????????. ???? ????
    ????? ???????? ??????????.
  • Critical sales loss ??????????? ????????
    ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??
    1, ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????????
    ??????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ? ???????? ??
    10. ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????, ??
    ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????
    ???????????????? ????????????????. ???? ????
    ????? ???????? ??????????.

20
???????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????
  • ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????
    ????????? ????? ??????????, ? ?? ???????????
    ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??
    ????????? ??????????
  • ????. ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???-??
  • ??????????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????
    ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ?????? ?????????
    ????????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??

21
????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???????????
?????
  • Aftermarkets ? ?????? ??????????????? ?????
  • ???? ?????? ???????? ?????. ???? ?? ???????
    ????????????? ????? ????????? ??????
  • ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?
    ?????. ????? ?? ???????? ? ??????? ???????
    ????, ???? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????
    ???????????????? ??????????

22
??????? ????
  • ??????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????
    ???????????, ?? ????????????? ?????? ???
    ?????????? ???????????????? ????????????????
    ??????
  • ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ??
    ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?
    ????????????
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