Highland Science Department

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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases The 3 states of matter
State Properties Particles
Solid
Liquid
Gas
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases The 3 states of matter
State Properties Particles
Solid -constant shape -constant volume -almost incompressible
Liquid
Gas
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases The 3 states of matter
State Properties Particles
Solid -constant shape -constant volume -almost incompressible -particles are organized in a regular pattern vibrate in a fixed position
Liquid
Gas
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases The 3 states of matter
State Properties Particles
Solid -constant shape -constant volume -almost incompressible -particles are organized in a regular pattern vibrate in a fixed position
Liquid -variable shape -constant volume -almost incompressible
Gas
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases The 3 states of matter
State Properties Particles
Solid -constant shape -constant volume -almost incompressible -particles are organized in a regular pattern vibrate in a fixed position
Liquid -variable shape -constant volume -almost incompressible -particles are less organized than in a solid they are able to slide over and past one another
Gas
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases The 3 states of matter
State Properties Particles
Solid -constant shape -constant volume -almost incompressible -particles are organized in a regular pattern vibrate in a fixed position
Liquid -variable shape -constant volume -almost incompressible -particles are less organized than in a solid they are able to slide over and past one another
Gas -variable shape -variable volume -compressible
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases The 3 states of matter
State Properties Particles
Solid -constant shape -constant volume -almost incompressible -particles are organized in a regular pattern vibrate in a fixed position
Liquid -variable shape -constant volume -almost incompressible -particles are less organized than in a solid they are able to slide over and past one another
Gas -variable shape -variable volume -compressible -particles are much less organized than in other states they bounce off each other and the walls of their container
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Changes of State occur when kinetic
energy of the particles overcomes the attractive
forces of that particular state
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Changes of State occur when kinetic
energy of the particles overcomes the attractive
forces of that particular state Attractive
Forces that Influence State
Strength Type of Force State Example
Stronger

Weaker
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Changes of State occur when kinetic
energy of the particles overcomes the attractive
forces of that particular state Attractive
Forces that Influence State
Strength Type of Force State Example
Stronger between oppositely charged particles usually solid table salt

Weaker
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Changes of State occur when kinetic
energy of the particles overcomes the attractive
forces of that particular state Attractive
Forces that Influence State
Strength Type of Force State Example
Stronger between oppositely charged particles usually solid table salt
between polar molecules solid, liquid, or gas glucose ethanol ammonia
Weaker
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Changes of State occur when kinetic
energy of the particles overcomes the attractive
forces of that particular state Attractive
Forces that Influence State
Strength Type of Force State Example
Stronger between oppositely charged particles usually solid table salt
between polar molecules solid, liquid, or gas glucose ethanol ammonia
Weaker between non-polar molecules solid, liquid, or gas paraffin pentane carbon dioxide
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Kinetic Energy Temperature the
temperature of a substance is directly related
to the average kinetic energy of its
particles
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Kinetic Energy Temperature the
temperature of a substance is directly related
to the average kinetic energy of its
particles -when heated enough, particles of a
solid will have enough energy to pull away from
each other and slip out of their fixed,
lattice-work positions
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Kinetic Energy Temperature the
temperature of a substance is directly related
to the average kinetic energy of its
particles -when heated enough, particles of a
solid will have enough energy to pull away from
each other and slip out of their fixed,
lattice-work positions -when heated enough,
particles of a liquid will have enough energy to
completely escape from all the other particles
in the substance and become a gas
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Unique Properties of Gases
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Unique Properties of Gases 1. Gases are
compressible
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Unique Properties of Gases 1. Gases are
compressible 2. Gases expand as the temperature
is increased
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Unique Properties of Gases 1. Gases are
compressible 2. Gases expand as the temperature
is increased 3. Gases have very low viscosity
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Unique Properties of Gases 1. Gases are
compressible 2. Gases expand as the temperature
is increased 3. Gases have very low
viscosity 4. Gases have much lower densities
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Unique Properties of Gases 1. Gases are
compressible 2. Gases expand as the temperature
is increased 3. Gases have very low
viscosity 4. Gases have much lower densities 5.
Gases are miscible (will completely mix with each
other)
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases 1. Gas
particles are in constant, random motion
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases 1. Gas
particles are in constant, random motion 2. Gas
particles are considered point masses (a mass
with no volume)
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases 1. Gas
particles are in constant, random motion 2. Gas
particles are considered point masses (a mass
with no volume) 3. Gas particles do not exert
attractive or repulsive forces on one another
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases 1. Gas
particles are in constant, random motion 2. Gas
particles are considered point masses (a mass
with no volume) 3. Gas particles do not exert
attractive or repulsive forces on one another 4.
Gas particles interact with one another and the
wall of their container through elastic
collisions
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases 1. Gas
particles are in constant, random motion 2. Gas
particles are considered point masses (a mass
with no volume) 3. Gas particles do not exert
attractive or repulsive forces on one another 4.
Gas particles interact with one another and the
wall of their container through elastic
collisions 5. Average kinetic energy of gas
particles is related to temperature
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Atmospheric Gases Homosphere lower
portion of the atmosphere where gases are evenly
mixed includes troposphere ozone
layer stratosphere mesosphere
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Atmospheric Gases Homosphere lower
portion of the atmosphere where gases are evenly
mixed includes troposphere ozone
layer stratosphere mesosphere Heterosphe
re upper portion of the atmosphere where gases
do not mix due to a lack of convection
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Atmospheric Gases Composition of the
Homosphere nitrogen 78.1 oxygen 20.9 arg
on 0.03 carbon dioxide 0.04
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Highland Science Department Introduction to
Gases Atmospheric Gases Composition of the
Homosphere nitrogen 78.1 oxygen 20.9 arg
on 0.03 carbon dioxide 0.04 neon 0.002
helium 0.0005 methane 0.0002 krypton
0.0001 hydrogen 0.00005 dinitrogen
oxide 0.00005 xenon 0.000009 ozone 0.00
0007